Cambridge Encyclopedia

Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 36

Imperial War Museum - The Museum, History, Visiting the Museum, Other branches

imperialism - Etymology, Modern imperialism, Marxist theory of Imperialism

Imperio Argentina

impetigo - Causes, Transmission, Signs and Symptoms, Diagnosis, Treatment

Impressionism (art) - Overview, Beginnings, Impressionist techniques, Content and composition, Post-Impressionism, Painters known as Impressionists

Impressionism (literature)

Impressionism (music) - Overview, Beginnings, Impressionist techniques, Content and composition, Post-Impressionism, Painters known as Impressionists

imprinting (genetics) - Other imprinted genes

improvisation - Musical improvisation, Singing Improvisation, Theater, Dance, Film, Comedy, Poetry, Television, Role-playing games

Imran Khan - Cricketer, Personal life and social work, Politician, Accusations of ball tampering, Further reading

Imre Lakatos - Life, Proofs and refutations, Research programs

Imre Nagy - Biography

Ina (Donna) Coolbrith

Incarnation - Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Rastafari

incense - Forms and use of incense, Manufacturing, Religious use of incense, Asian incense, Incense and cancer

incest - Inbreeding among animals, Distinctions between incest and inbreeding, Genetics, Incest versus exogamy, Forms of Incest

incitement - Relationship with other offences, The actus reus, Impossibility, Statutory incitement

income tax - Principles, Income tax systems

incontinence

Increase Mather - Early life, Establishing himself in Massachusetts, Getting involved in politics, Involvement in the Salem witch trials

incubus

Independence Hall - Building Architecture, Significance, Gallery, Independence Hall in Popular Culture

Independent Labour Party (ILP) - Foundation and growth, The 21st anniversary congress certificate, Further reading

index (mathematics)

index fund - Origins of the index fund, Economic theory, Indexing methods, Advantages, Disadvantages of index funds, Diversification

Index Librorum Prohibitorum - Some notable writers on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum

index number

indexation

India

Indian architecture - Hindu architecture, Buddhist and Jain architecture, Rajput architecture, South Indian Architecture

Indian art - Interrelationship in Indian arts, Rock cut art, Folk and tribal art, Fine Art, Music

Indian dance - Classical Indian dance, Indian folk dances, Shaivite tradition, Vaishnava tradition

Indian literature - Sanskrit literature, Prakrit literature, South Indian literature, Hindustani lterature, Indian literature in foreign languages, Awards

Indian National Congress - List of presidents of the Party

Indian Ocean - Geography, Economy, History, Major ports and harbors

Indian philosophy - Summary

Indian Territory - Indian country

Indian Wars - Colonial era (1622–1774), East of the Mississippi (1775–1842)

Indiana - Geography, Demographics, Important cities and towns, Law and government, Transportation, Education, Professional sports teams, Miscellaneous topics

indictment - In the United States

indigo - Distinction between four shades of indigo, Indigo in culture

Indira (Priyadarshini) Gandhi - Early years, Rise to power, Nuclear security and the Green Revolution, Emergency

indirect rule - Cases

individualism - Political individualism, Individualism and society, Economic individualism

Indo-Aryan languages - History, List, Bibliography

Indo-European languages - Classification, History, Sound changes

Indo-Iranian languages - Subdivisions

Indo-Pacific languages

Indonesia - Etymology, History, Government and politics, Administrative divisions, Geography, Ecology, Economy, Demographics, Culture

Indore

Indra - Vedic Indra, In Hinduism, In Zoroastrianism, In Buddhism and Jainism

Indro Montanelli - Going against the current, The 1920s and 30s, The war in Abyssinia, The Spanish Civil War

inductance - Properties of inductance, Coupled inductors, Vector field theory derivations, Usage

induction (embryology)

induction (logic)

induction (obstetrics)

Indus Valley Civilization - Discovery and excavation, Periodisation, Predecessors, Early Harappan, Mature Harappan, Late Harappan, Geography, Cities, Science

industrial action

industrial democracy

industrial design - Definition of industrial design, Industrial design in USA, Industrial design in Canada

industrial espionage - Information, Other, In popular culture

Industrial Revolution - Nomenclature, Innovations, Social effects, Intellectual paradigms, Criticism, Second Industrial Revolution, Notes and References

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) - Founding, Activity after World War II, The IWW in Australia, The IWW in the UK

industry - History, Industrial development, Industrial technology, Industry sectors and classification, Industry and society, Industry and environment

inertia - History and development of the concept, Interpretations

infallibility - In common speech, In psychology and sociology, In philosophy, In theology

infant school

infanticide - Infanticide in history, Explanations for the practice, Infant euthanasia, Infanticide in other species

infection - Colonization

inference - The accuracy of inductive and deductive inferences, Valid inferences, Automatic logical inference, Inference and uncertainty

inferiority complex - In Culture

infertility - Definition, Causes, Symptoms and Signs, Treatment, Costs, Ethics, Psychological impact, Social impact, Sources

infinity - History, Mathematical infinity, In computing, Use of infinity in common speech, Physical infinity

inflammation - Characteristics, Leukocytes and cytokines, Outcomes, Systemic inflammation, Inflammation examples, Other References

inflation - Measures of inflation, The role of inflation in the economy, Causes of inflation, Stopping inflation

inflorescence

information processing

information retrieval - Performance measures, Open source information retrieval systems, Other retrieval tools, Major Information retrieval research groups

information technology - Industry organizations, Topics

information theory - Overview, Historical background, Mathematical theory of information, Channel capacity, Applications

infrared astronomy - Modern infrared astronomy, Astronomers' infrared spectrum

infrared photography - Film cameras, Digital cameras

infrasound

infrastructure

Inge de Bruijn

Ingeborg Bachmann - Overview, The Ingeborg Bachmann Prize, Selected works

Ingemar Stenmark

Ingolf Dahl

Ingrid Bergman - Credits

Ingrid Kristiansen - Accomplishments

Ingvar (G

inheritance tax

Inigo Jones - Books

injection

injection moulding - Mould, Injection process

injunction - Temporary restraints, Apprehended Violence Order, Injunctions in U.S. labor law context

ink - Types of ink, History of ink, Modern Ink Applications

Inkpaduta

Inner Mongolia - Name, Geography, History, Administrative divisions, Culture, Miscellaneous topics

Inns of Court - History and composition, Membership and Governance, Other Inns

Innsbruck - Transport, Sports, Sights, Politics, New Year’s Eve, Miscellaneous

inorganic chemistry - Key concepts, Descriptive inorganic chemistry, Theoretical inorganic chemistry, Thermodynamics and inorganic chemistry, Mechanistic inorganic chemistry

inositol - Structure, Synthesis, Function, Clinical implications, Illicit uses

Inquisition - Origin of the term, Ancient origins, Inquisition tribunals and institutions, Historic Inquisition movements

INRI - Related acronyms and concepts

insect - Relationship to other arthropods, Morphology and development, Behavior, Locomotion, Roles in the environment and human society

insecticide - Classes of agricultural insecticides, Classes of insecticides, a short history, Environmental effects

insectivore

insolation - The Projection Effect, Applications

insomnia - Types of insomnia, Common causes of insomnia, Insomnia versus poor sleep quality, Treatment for insomnia

instinct - Overview, Evolution, Instincts in humans, Intuited and natured Instinct

instrumentalism

insulin

insurance - Principles of insurance, Insurance Contract Principles, Indemnification, Gambling analogy, History of insurance, Types of insurance

intaglio (jewelry)

intaglio (printing)

integrated circuit - Introduction, Advances in integrated circuits, Popularity of ICs, Classification, Manufacture, History, origins and generations

Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) - ISDN Elements, Consumer and industry perspectives, Configurations, Reference points, Types of communications, Sample call

intelligence - Definitions of intelligence, Psychometric intelligence, One or several types of intelligence?, Controversies

intensive farming - Advantages, Disadvantages

intentionality - Modern views, Other uses of the term

Inter-American Development Bank

interactive computing

interactive video

intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) - Flight phases, History, Modern ICBMs, Specific missiles, Ballistic missile submarines, Heraldry

intercropping

interest - Calculations, Market interest rates, Interest rates in macroeconomics

interference - Constructive and destructive interference, General Quantum Interference

interior design - The Profession, Styles

intermezzo - Opera intermezzo, Instrumental intermezzo

internal combustion engine - Parts, Classification

internal energy - Overview, The First Law of Thermodynamics, Expressions for the internal energy

International

International Astronomical Union (IAU) - History, Composition, General Assemblies, Reference

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) - History, Structure and Function, IAEA and Iran, Works Cited

International Baccalaureate

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) - History

International Brigades - Constitution of the Brigades, First Engagements: the Battle of Madrid, The Battle of Jarama

International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) - Mine Ban Treaty, Basic Landmine Facts

International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU) - History, Annual Survey of violations of trade union rights

International Court of Justice - Composition, Jurisdiction, Law applied, Criticisms

International Development Association (IDA)

International Finance Corporation (IFC) - Ownership and Management, Funding of IFC's Activities, IFC Activities

International Gothic

International Labour Organization (ILO) - International Labour Conference, Child labour, HIV/AIDS, International Training Centre, Personnel Policy

international law - The scope of international law, Fundamental conflicts over international law, Sources of international law

International Monetary Fund (IMF) - Organization and purpose, Membership qualifications, Assistance and reforms, Past managing directors

International Olympic Committee (IOC) - Presidents, Presentation, Mission and role, Organization, IOC Members, Host city bids, Olympic marketing, Scandals

International Organization for Standardization - Standards and technical reports, ISO documents, Members, Products named after ISO

International Space Station (ISS) - History, Structures and design, Assembly, Legal aspects, Costs, Present status, Miscellaneous, Notes and references

International Style (architecture) - Europe, United States, Elsewhere, Architects, Examples of International Style architecture

International Telecommunication Union (ITU) - Leadership, Standards, Members, Meetings, World Summit on the Information Society

International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN)

Internet - Creation of the Internet, Today's Internet, Satellite Internet, Censorship, Internet access, Leisure, Complex architecture

Internet Service Provider (ISP) - ISP connection options, How ISPs connect to the Internet, Virtual ISP, Related services

Interpol - History, Member countries, Interpol in popular culture

interpolation - Definition

Interregnum - Historical periods of interregnum, Pope's interregnum (or sede vacante)

intersexuality - Overview, Biological causes of intersexuality, Chimerism, Intersex people in society

interstitial fluid - Production and Removal, Composition, Physiological Function

intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) - Position, Effects on weather, Role in tropical cyclone formation

intestacy

intestine - Structure and Function, Absorption of glucose in the ileum, Diseases, Disorders

Intifada

Intolerable Acts

intra-industry trade - Examples, Explanation, Measurement, Reference

Intracoastal Waterway - Natural bodies of water, Canals

Intranet - Uses, Advantages, Disadvantages, Requirements when Creating an Intranet, Industry Examples, Further reading

intron - Introduction, Classification of Introns, Intron evolution, Identification

intuitionism (ethics) - Truth and proof, History of Intuitionism, Contributors to intuitionism, Branches of intuitionistic mathematics, Further reading

intuitionism (mathematics) - Truth and proof, History of Intuitionism, Contributors to intuitionism, Branches of intuitionistic mathematics, Further reading

Invar (trademark)

Inverness - Geography, Buildings, History, Area committee, Parliamentary burgh and constituency, Areas of the city, Town twinning

invertebrate - Phyla and common examples

Investiture Controversy - Origins, Investiture Controversy, The English investiture controversy of 1103–1107, The Concordat of Worms, Significance

investment - Types of investment

Io (mythology)

Io - History, Tourism, Local products, Communications, Municipal districts, Sports teams, Population Data

Ioannis Metaxas - Life

iodine - History, Notable inorganic iodine compounds, Stable iodine in biology

iodoform

ion - Common ions

Ion Antonescu - Early life and military career, Political power, Trial and death, Antonescu and the Holocaust

ion plating

ion trap

Iona - Geography, History, Iona Abbey, Iona Community, Other Information

Ionia - Geography, History, Legacy

Ionian Islands - History, The islands today

Ionian Sea - Origin and myth of the eponym of the Ionian Sea, Places, Gulfs and straits, Tributaries

Ionic order

ionosphere - Geophysics, The Ionospheric Layers, Anomalies to the Ideal Model, Ionospheric Perturbations, Radio Application, Other Applications, Measurements

Iowa - Important cities and towns, Professional sports teams, References

ipecacuanha - Similar plants

Iphigeneia - Greek myth, Iphianassa, Cymon and Iphigenia, A Modern Viewpoint, Some modern sources

Ippolito Pindemonte

Ipswich - History, Politics, Modern Ipswich, Culture, Industry, Transport infrastructure, Sport

Iquique - History, Trivia

Iquitos - History, Economy, Education, Tourism, Universities, Maps and aerial photos

IRA

Ira (Clarence) Eaker - World War II, Civilian career

Ira (Frederick) Aldridge

Ira Gershwin - Biography, Legacy, Further reading

Ira Hayes - Commemoration, Movies, Books about Ira Hayes

Ira Progoff - Events

Ira Remsen

Ira Sprague Bowen - Honors

Iran - Name, History, Government and politics, Administrative divisions, Geography and climate, Economy, Demographics, Major cities, Culture, Health

Iranian languages - Name, Early Iranian languages, The Middle Iranian languages, Iranian languages after the Arab conquest of Persia

Iranian Revolution - Causes, Precursors to the revolution, Pre-revolutionary conditions and events inside Iran, Protests

Iraq - Name, History, Government, Geography, Economy, Demographics, Culture, Gallery, Further reading

Iraq War - Iraqi insurgency, Casualties, Damage to Iraq's infrastructure, Financial costs, Criticism, External articles

Ireland (island) - Politics, Geography, Climate, Flora and fauna, Flags of Ireland, History, History since partition, Sport

Ireland (republic) - Politics, Geography, Climate, Flora and fauna, Flags of Ireland, History, History since partition, Sport

Irene - People named Irene, Other Uses

Irene (Byzantium) - People named Irene, Other Uses

Irene (mythology) - People named Irene, Other Uses

Ir

Irene Pereira - Cultivation, Preparation as food, World production and trade, Rice Pests, Cultivars

Irene Worth - The beginnings, Early Stages, Shakespeare and the West End, The RSC and the National, Broadway

Irgun (Zvai Leumi) - Views about Irgun, Radio station

Irian Jaya

iridology - Methods, History

iris (anatomy) - General structure, Embryology, Color, Diseases, "Red eye"

iris (botany)

Iris (mythology) - In myth, Representation

Irish

Irish Civil War - Background, Course of the war, Cost and results

Irish elk

Irish literature - Poetry, Fiction, Theatre

Irish National Liberation Army (INLA) - Foundation, Armed campaign, Feuds and splits, Recent activities

Irish Republican Socialist Party - Highlights in the IRSP's history

Irish Sea - Shipping, Origin, Environment, U-boat Alley, Oil and gas exploration, Proposed tunnel projects, Wind power

Irish setter - History, "Red Setter" Controversy, Miscellaneous

Irish wolfhound - Appearance, Health, History

Irita Van Doren - History, Industry and economy, Educational institutions, Health, Development, Twin towns, Geography, Culture and recreation, Religion

Irkutsk - Geography and Climate, History, Economy, Transport, TV and mass media, Twin cities, Education, Science

Irmgard Seefried

Irna Phillips - Overview, Personal life, Early radio career, Radio and television success, Personality and temperment, Final years, Credits

iron - Production of iron from iron ore, Iron in biology, Precautions

Iron Cross - Design, Early awards, Second World War, Side features of the Iron Cross and entitlements

iron curtain - Political, economic, and military realities, Origins of the Iron Curtain, Reactions

Ironbridge

irony - Etymology, Socratic irony, Roman irony, Verbal irony, Use of irony, Fiction

Iroquois - Member nations, Modern population, Haudenosaunee clans, Government

irredentism - Origins, "Triadic nexus" of irredenta conflict, Constitutional irredentism

irrigation - Overview, Types of irrigation, How an in-ground irrigation system works, History of irrigation

irritable bowel syndrome - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Treatment, Epidemiology, Prognosis

Irvin McDowell

Irvine Welsh - Biographical, Fiction, Film and stage, Themes, Style, Bibliography

Irving (John) Gill - Biography

Irving (Robert) Kaufman

Irving (William) Kristol - Quotes, Books

Irving Babbitt - Works

Irving Berlin - Early years, Works for the Musical stage, Berlin and Hollywood, Personal life

Irving Fine - Life and work

Irving Fisher - Biography and Contributions, Personal Ideals, Selected publications, Personalities of Wall Street

Irving Howe - Quotes

Irving Langmuir - Life, Education, Scientific work, Later years, Patents, External links and references

Irving Stone

Irwin Edman

Irwin Rose

Isaac - Name, Isaac in the Hebrew Bible, Isaac in the New Testament, Isaac in Qur'an

Isaac (Emmanuilovich) Babel - Early years, Early career, Clashes with the authorities, Arrest and death, Rehabilitation and legacy

Isaac (Thomas) Hecker - Biography, Sources

Isaac Asimov

Isaac Backus

Isaac Barrow - Youth, education, and description, Career and works

Isaac Bashevis Singer - Biography, Trivia, Vegetarianism, List of works

Isa - Works

Isaac de Benserade

Isaac de Pinto

Isaac Deutscher - Early life, Student and communist, Trotskyist, In the UK, Biographer of Stalin and Trotsky, 1960s

Isaac Felix Suar

Isaac Hull

Isaac Israel Hayes

Isaac Jogues

Isaac Mayer Wise - Prayer-Book, Hebrew Union College, Rabbinical Conferences, His Works

Isaac Nathan - Early success, Decline, Australian Resurgence, Death and Descendants, Summary, Portrait

Isaac Newton - Biography, Religious views, Newton and the counterfeiters, Enlightenment philosophers, Newton's laws of motion

Isaac Parker - Early life, Professional Beginnings, Political career, Appointed District Judge, The Changing Court

Isaac Shelby

Isaac Shoenberg - Bibliography

Isaac Stern

Isaac Watts - Life, Cultural impact, Other works, Memorials, List of hymns

Isabel Allende - Education, Adult Life, Source

Isabel Bishop

Isabella of France

Isabella Rossellini - Biography, Trivia, Further Reading

Isabella Stewart Gardner

Isabelle (Yasmine) Adjani - Biography

Isabelle Duchesnay

Isabelle Huppert - Selected filmography

Isadora Duncan - Personal life, Career, Later life, Isadora Duncan in culture

Isaiah - Biography, Critical scholarship, Prophecies of Isaiah as Viewed in Mormonism

Isaiah Bowman

Isaiah Rogers - Selected architectural works

Isaiah Thomas - Early life and publishing career, The Massachusetts Spy (1770-1802), Later life, Books

Isambard Kingdom Brunel - Early life, The Thames Tunnel, Bridges, The Great Western Railway, Brunel's "atmospheric caper"

Isamu Noguchi - Biography, Notable works by Noguchi, Gallery, Additional reading

Ishi - Ishi's arrowheads, Ishi and archery