Cambridge Encyclopedia

Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 5

Amalaric - Games

Amalasuntha

amalgam - Dentistry, Chemical analysis, Mining, Other uses

Amanullah Khan

amaranth

Amartya (Kumar) Sen - Education and career, Important works, Family, Awards, Quotes, Works, List of main publications

Amasa Walker

Amaterasu - History, Amaterasu in popular culture

amatol

Amazons - Etymology, Amazons of Greek mythology, Scythian origins, Minoan origins, Amazon cults and tombs in Ancient Greece

ambassador - Diplomats, Non-diplomatic ambassadorships

ambergris - Source, Physical properties, Replacement compounds and economics

Ambrogio Lorenzetti - Selected works

Ambrose (Everett) Burnside - Early life and career, Civil War, Post-bellum career, In popular media, Assessment

Ambrose (Gwinett) Bierce - Early life and military career, Journalism, Literary works, Disappearance, Bibliography

Ambrose Swasey - Awards and honors

ambrosia beetle

Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius - Life and Works, Gallery

Amedeo Avogadro - Biography, Works, Reactions of the Scientific Community, Named after him

Amedeo Modigliani - Early life, Art student years, Paris, Experiments with sculpture, The war years, Jeanne Hébuterne, Nice, Death

Amelia (Mary) Earhart - Early life, Aviation career and marriage, World flight, 1937, Investigating Earhart's disappearance

Amelia Bloomer

Amelita Galli-Curci

Amenhotep II

Amenhotep III

America's Cup - America's Cup Challengers and Defenders, Deed of Gift, In popular media

American Ballet Theatre

American Civil Liberties Union - Organizational history, Leadership, funding and organizational structure, Positions, Notable historical cases, Controversial stances

American Civil War - Causes of the War, A house divided against itself, Overview, Slavery during the war

American Colonization Society - History, Preparation of colony, First colony, Expansion and growth of the colony, Criticism of the ACS

American Legion - Timeline

American literature - Overview, Colonial literature, Early U.S. literature, Unique American style, American lyric

American Medical Association (AMA) - History, Charitable activities, Political positions, Criticisms

American Museum of Natural History - History, Features, Access, Images

American Revolution - Origins, Fighting begins at Lexington: 1775, Patriots, Creating new state constitutions

American Samoa - Politics, Administrative divisions, Geography, Economy, Demographics, Culture, The Origin of Samoa

American Sign Language (ASL) - History of ASL, Linguistics, Writing systems, "Baby Sign", Primate ASL Usage

Amerigo Vespucci - Life, Letters, Voyages

Amersfoort - Population centres, The city of Amersfoort, Local government

Amesbury

amethyst - Chemistry, Composition, History, Alternate terminology, Geographic distribution, Value, Amethyst in folklore and astrology

Amherst

Amidah - When Recited, Prayers in the weekday Amidah, Changes to the Amidah, Linguistic sources

Amiens

Amiens Cathedral

Amintore Fanfani

Amitai (Werner) Etzioni - Career, Bibliography (partial)

Amman - History, Geography, Transportation, Tourism, Gallery, External Links

Ammianus Marcellinus - Biography, Work

ammonia - History, Synthesis and production, Biosynthesis, Properties, Uses

ammonite - Classification, Life, Shell anatomy and diversity, Size, Distribution, Trivia, Terminological Note

ammonium - Substituted ammonium ions

Ammonius

amnesia - Types of amnesia, Amnesia in fiction

Amnesty International - Rationale, Early history: 1961-1979 and origins, Recent history: 1980-2005, Work

amniocentesis - Risks, Procedure

amoebiasis - Transmission, Prevention, Nature of the disease, Diagnosis of human illness, Relative frequency of the disease, Treatment

amorphous solid - Glasses, Other synthesis routes, Toward a strict definition

Amory (Bloch) Lovins - Life and work, Quotes, Books

Amos

Amos (Wilson) Rusie

Amos Alonzo Stagg - Innovations in Football

Amos Eaton - Eaton's students

Amos Kendall - Books

Amos Oz - Life, Works, Politics, Acknowledgement

Amos Tutuola - Early history, Writing, Selected bibliography, For further information

ampere - Definition, Explanation, Proposed future definition

amphetamine - History, Toxicity, Chemistry, Pharmacology, Application range, Medicinal use, Effects of use, Addiction, Legal issues

Amphiaraus

amphibian - History of amphibians, Classification, Reproduction

amphisbaena - Appearance, Abilities, Uses, References in heraldry

Amphitrite

Amphitryon - Dramatic treatments

amplitude

amplitude modulation (AM) - Forms of amplitude modulation, Example, Modulation index, Amplitude modulator designs

amputation - Types, Self-amputation, After-effects

Amritsar - Background, Language, Religious Shrines, Other, Education

Amsterdam - History, Coat of arms, City government, Tourist attractions, Nightlife, Weather, Economy, Academia, Public transport, Private transport

Amun - Origin of name, God of Air, Creator, King, Fertility God, Sun God, Decline, Derived Terms

Amy (Lawrence) Lowell - Personal life and career

Amy (Marcy) Beach - Selected discography

Amy Clampitt - Life, Works

Amy Johnson - Early life, Notable Flights, Death, Trivia

Amy Vanderbilt

amyl - Biochemistry, Chemistry, Slang

amyl nitrite - Chemistry, Physiological effects

An Lushan

An Wang

anabatic wind

anaconda

Anacreon - Life, Poetry, A translated poem, Anacreon and the Star Spangled Banner, Poets named after Anacreon

Anagni - Geography, History, Christian Anagni, Anagni and the Roman Catholic Church, Main sights, Language and dialect

anagram - History, Astronomy, Methods, Crosswords, Games and puzzles

analog computer - Background, Mechanisms, Components, Limitations, Current research, Practical examples, Real computers, Reference

analogy - Usage of the terms source and target, Models and theories of analogy

analytic language - Features of analytic languages

analytic philosophy - The term analytic philosophy, Relation to continental philosophy, Formalism and natural languages, Formalism, Natural language

analytical chemistry - Types, Techniques, Methods, Trends

anamorphosis

Ananda

anaphylaxis - Emergency treatment, Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

anarchism - Origins, Schools of Anarchist Thought, Anarchism as a Social Movement, Issues in anarchism

Anastasia

Anastasio Bustamante

Anatole France - Works, partial list, Famous sayings

Anatolia - Geography, History

Anatolian

anatomy - Animal anatomy, Human anatomy

Anaxagoras - Biography, Cosmological theory, Theism and atheism, References and further reading

Anaximander - Cosmology and the apeiron, Interpretations, Known Works

Anchises

anchor - Development, Designs of temporary anchors, Designs of permanent anchors, Anchoring techniques

anchovy - Biology, Habitat, As a food source, Spain beaching incident

ancient lights

Ancona - History

Ancus Marcius

Andalusia

Andalusian horse - History of the breed, Breed Characteristics

andalusite - Details, Related minerals

Andaman and Nicobar Islands - History, Geography, Flora, Fauna, Economy, Macro-economic trend

Andaman Sea - Ocean floor tectonics, Volcanic activity

Andean Community of Nations (CAN) - Relationship with other organizations, Organization, Secretaries-General, Free flow of people

Anders Celsius - Publications

Andes - Physical features, Peaks

andesite - Genesis of Andesite

Andhra Pradesh - Prehistory, History, Post-independence history, Dynasties, Regions, Districts, Important Cities, Languages in Andhra Pradesh, Politics

Andorra - Economy

Andorra la Vella - Geography and climate, History, Sights and culture, Economy

Andre (Kirk) Agassi - Grand Slam singles finals, ATP Masters Series finals, Titles (61)

Andrea Bocelli - Early life, Criticism, Discography

Andrea Cesalpino - Biography, Philosophical works, Medical and physiological works, Botanical works, Source

Andrea Costa

Andrea da Firenze - Life, Music

Andrea del Castagno

Andrea del Sarto - Early life and training, Frescoes at SS Annunziata in Florence, Visit to France

Andrea del Verrocchio - Early life and training, Independent work, Maturity as a sculptor, Major works

Andrea Doria - Early life, Wars between France and the Holy Roman Empire, Reestablishment of the Genoese Republic

Andrea Gabrieli - Life, Works, Sources

Andrea Levy - Bibliography

Andrea Mantegna - Biography, Work in Mantua, Engravings, Assessment and legacy, Major works, Reading

Andrea Palladio - History

Andrea Pisano

Andrea Sacchi - Early training, Mature style, Controversy with Pietro da Cortona, Main works

Andrea Zanzotto - Biography, Works in English translation

Andreas (Georgios) Papandreou - Early life and career, Political career, Legacy

Andreas Achenbach

Andreas Baader

Andreas Gryphius

Andreas Hofer

Andreas Sigismund Marggraf

Andrei Codrescu

Andrew (Hull) Foote

Andrew (John) Wiles - Solution of Fermat's Last Theorem, Cultural references, Misc, Awards

Andrew (Newell) Wyeth - Childhood/ Early career, Father's death / 1940s, Mature career, Critical reaction

Andrew (Sharp) Peacock

Andrew (Smith) Hallidie - Early life, Wire rope and bridges, Cable cars, Other activities

Andrew (Welsh) Imbrie

Andrew Alford - US Patents

Andrew Carnegie - Early life, Early career, Industrialist, 1901–1915: philanthropist, Later personal life, Controversies, Philosophy, Writings, Trivia

Andrew Dickson White - Contribution to the conflict thesis, Bibliography

Andrew Duncan

Andrew Fisher

Andrew Flintoff - Career story

Andrew Hamilton

Andrew Henry - Details, Further information, The medal

Andrew Jackson - Early life and career, Military career, Election of 1824, Election of 1828, Presidency 1829-1837

Andrew Jackson Downing - Selected works

Andrew Johnson - Early life, Early political career, Presidency 1865-1869, Post-Presidency, Trivia, Bibliography

Andrew Marr - Early Life, Media Career, Family, Statement on BBC bias

Andrew Marvell

Andrew Meikle

Andrew Melville - Early life and early education, Travels and study in Europe, Return to Scotland

Andrew Motion - Biography, Publications

Andrew Norton - Publications

Andrew Stevenson

Andrew White

Andries (Wilhelmus Jacobus) Pretorius

Andries Both - Sources, List of known paintings

Andromache

Andromeda (astronomy)

Andromeda (mythology) - Myth, Origin of the Myth, The myth portrayed

Andronicus

Andros (Bahamas) - Municipalities, Communities and settlements

Andros (Greece) - Municipalities, Communities and settlements

Andrzej Wajda - Life and work, Filmography

Andy Goldsworthy - Artists with Similar Style

Andy Roddick - Grand Slam singles finals, Titles (24), Singles runner-ups (11), Singles performance timeline

Andy Warhol - Biography, Works, Films portraying Warhol

anechoic chamber - The Radio Frequency Anechoic Chamber

anemometer - Velocity anemometers, Pressure anemometers, Notes on wind measurements

anemone

Aneurin Bevan - Youth, Government, Backbenches

aneurysm - Types, Locations, Risks, Treatment of aneurysms

Ang Lee - Career overview, Lingusitic diversity in Chinese films, Films, Awards

angel - Angelology, Angels in the Tanakh, Jewish views, Christian views, Islamic views, Latter-Day Saint views

Angel Falls

Angela (Brigid) Lansbury - Early life, Career, Filmography, Broadway Stage Performances, Awards

Angela (Dorothea) Merkel - Background, Leader of the Opposition, Candidacy for Chancellor, Chancellor, Relationship with US President Bush

Angela Brazil - Biography, Bibliography of school stories

Angela Carter - Works as author, Works as editor

Angela Davis - Childhood, Education and early career, Notoriety, Later career, Quotes, List of books

angelfish

angelica

Angelica Rozeanu

Angelina Jolie - Early life and family, Film Career, Humanitarian work, Relationships, Children, Jolie in the media, Filmography

Angelo Heilprin

Angelus Silesius - Quotation, Bibliographical references

Angers - Sights, History, Economy, Transportation, Culture, Sports, Colleges and universities, Miscellaneous

angina - Symptoms, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, Treatment

Angkor Thom - History, Style, The site, Angkor Thom in popular culture:

angle - Units of measure for angles, Conventions on measurement, Types of angles, Some facts, A formal definition

anglerfish - Predation, Reproduction

Angles - Evolution of the name, Early history, Angle influence in Great Britain, St. Gregory

Anglesey - History, Geography, Ecology and Conservation, Geology, Other places of interest, Sons and daughters of Anglesey, Government

Anglican Communion - Provinces of the Anglican Communion, History, Controversies, Ecumenical relations

angling

Anglo-Catholicism - Background, Practices and beliefs

Anglo-Irish Agreement - The Anglo-Irish Intergovernmental Conference, Reaction to the Agreement, Long-term effects

Anglo-Saxons - Etymology, Contemporary meanings, Anglo-Saxon history, Anglo-Saxon culture, Further reading

Angola - Politics, Administrative divisions, Geography, Economy

Angora goat

angostura

Angry Young Men - John Osborne, Definition by stance, Definitions by groupings, Cross-currents in the late 1950s

Anguilla - History, Politics, Geography, Economy, Culture, Other topics, Reference

angular momentum - Angular momentum in classical mechanics, Angular momentum in relativistic mechanics, Angular momentum in quantum mechanics

Angus (Rowland) McBean

angwantibo

anhydride

Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius - Early life, Late life, Works

Anil Kumble

aniline - Synthesis, Properties, Uses, History, Toxicology

animal - Characteristics, Structure, Reproduction and development, Nutrition, Origin and fossil record, Groups of animals, History of classification

animal husbandry - Ethical Implications of Animal Husbandry

animism - Origin, Overview, Origins, Plant souls, Object souls, Animism and death, Evil spirits

Anish Kapoor

Anita (Faye) Hill

Anita Brookner

Anita Desai - Awards, Select works

Anita Loos - Biography, Major works include

Anita O'Day - Biography

Anjelica Huston - Biography, Filmography

Anjou

Ankara - History, Attractions, Universities, Transportation, Sports, Other, Views of Ankara, Sister Cities, Famous people from Ankara

ankh - Origins, In Egyptian art, In alchemy, The ankh and the cross, In popular culture

ankle - Movement, Articulation, Ligaments, Images from Gray's Anatomy, Name derivation, Related Terms, Fractures

ankylosing spondylitis - Signs and symptoms, Diagnosis, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology, History, Prognosis, Therapy, Famous patients

Ann (Noreen) Widdecombe - Political career, Trivia, Bibliography

Ann Hanson - Practices, Cremation coffins, Casket industry, Unusual coffins, Use by the living

Ann Landers - Controversies

Ann Lee

Ann Macbeth

Ann Patchett

Ann Radcliffe - Radcliffe's influence on later writers, Publications include

Ann Richards - Early life, Political career, Post governorship, Teaching, Arts and Film, Final year, Awards, Memorial services

Ann Sexton - People, Works of art, Other

Anna (Wessels) Williams - History

Anna Akhmatova - Early life, Silver Age, The accursed years, The thaw

Anna Cora Mowatt

Anna Ford - Career, Away from the newsdesk, Personal life

Anna Freud - The Vienna years, 1938 and later: Anna in London, Major contributions to psychoanalysis

Anna Harrison - Reference

Anna Howard Shaw

Anna Letitia Barbauld

Anna Louisa Geertruida Bosboom-Toussaint - Works

Anna Louise Strong - Early life, Education and Social Work, Travels in Communist Countries, Marriage and Legacy, Published works

Anna Magnani - Relationships, Awards

Anna Pell Wheeler

Anna Russell - Life and career, Recordings, Filmography, Quotes and Trivia

Anna Seghers - Life

Anna Seward

Anna Sewell - Biography

Anna Sokolow - Works for Broadway

Anna Vaughn Huntington - History, Brands

Annaba - History, Education, Transportation

Annapolis Convention - Background, Sessions of the Convention

Annas

Anne Askew

Anne Bancroft - Early life, Death, Awards and other nominations, Theater roles, Filmography, Television roles

Anne Boleyn - The birth controversy, Childhood and family, Appearance and Personality, A royal love affair

Anne Boyd - Education, Career, Music

Anne Bracegirdle

Anne Bradstreet - Descendants, Works

Anne Charlotte Botta

Anne Frank - Early life, The period chronicled in the diary, The Diary of A Young Girl, Legacy

Anne Hutchinson - Early Years, Migration to the New World, Religious Activities, Hutchinson's Religious Beliefs

Anne of Austria - Queen consort of France, Regent of France

Anne of Bohemia

Anne of Brittany - Position, Marriages, Personal characteristics

Anne of Cleves - In film, Historiography

Anne of Denmark - Other Notable Facts

Anne Redpath - Painting, Reading, Images

Anne Rice - Biography, Adaptations, Bibliography

Anne Robinson

Anne Royall - Years of Writing, Reference

Anne Sullivan

Anne Tyler - List of Works

annealing

Annecy - Geography, Culture, Education, Twin towns

annelid - Anatomy, Reproduction, Fossil record, Relationships

Anni Albers - Life, Artwork, Bibliography