Cambridge Encyclopedia

Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 55

oarfish - Life history, Species

OAS (Algeria) - History, Trivia

Oasis - Examples

oath - Pledges, Oaths, and Vows, Legal oaths and affirmations, Religious opposition, Famous oaths

Obadiah - Prophet Obadiah in rabbinic tradition

Obed Hussey

obelisk - Ancient obelisks, Modern obelisks

Oberammergau Passion Play - Origins, Alleged anti-Semitism

Oberon (astronomy)

Oberon (mythology) - Merovingian legend, French heroic song, Other historical references

obesity - Definition, Causes, Complications, Therapy, Cultural and social significance, Public health and policy

objective test

oboe - The instrument, Other members of the oboe family, Classical works featuring the oboe

observatory - The oldest observatories in the world, Observatories still in use

obstetrics - Antenatal care, Signs, Maternal physiology, Prenatal care, Complications, Induction, Labour, Emergencies in obstetrics

ocarina - History, Classification, Musical performance, Types of ocarina, Ocarina Tab, Ocarina in Budrio, Appearance in works

occasionalism

occultation

occupational therapy - History of occupational therapy, Occupational therapy practitioners, Philosophy of occupational therapy, Benefits of occupational therapy

ocean - Physical properties, Exploration, Regions, Climate, Ecology, Economy, Ancient oceans, Extraterrestrial oceans, Mythology

ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) - History of OTEC, How OTEC works, Some proposed projects, Other related technologies, Political Concerns

Oceania

oceanography - Branches, History, Ocean and atmosphere connections, Further reading

Oceanus - In cosmography, External links

ocelot

ochre - Pigment, Industry

Octans

Octave (-Henri-Marie) Mirbeau - Biography, Works, Quotations

Octave Chanute - Railroad Engineering, Aviation, Timeline

Octave Feuillet - Overview, Academie, Reference

Octavia

Octavia Hill

Octavien de Saint-Gelais

Octavio Paz - Early life and writings, Later life, Writings, Bibliography

Octavius Brooks Frothingham

October Revolution - Causes, Events, Outcomes

octopus - Physiology, Terminology, Relationship to humans, Classification

oda

Oda Nobunaga - Life, Policies, Oda Nobunaga in Fiction, The festival in Japan

Odd Hassel

ode - Ode in Continental Europe, English ode, Ode in music

Odense - History, Famous residents of Odense, Business, Population statistics, Trivia

Odessa - Overview, History, Geography and features, Culture

Odetta

Odilon Redon - Analysis of his work, Other works

Odin - Characteristics, Origins, Blót, Edda, Odin and Jesus, Persisting beliefs in Odin

Odissi - Introduction, Dance Vocabulary and Repertoire, Artists

Odo - Overview, Mirror Universe, Trivia

Odoacer - Early life, Leader of the foederati, King of Italy

Odysseus - Before the Trojan War, Odysseus reaches Ithaca, Other stories

Oedipus - Oedipus The King, Oedipus At Colonus and Antigone, In popular culture

Oedipus complex - Theory of the Oedipal complex, Critiques of the Oedipus Complex, Philosophy and the Oedipus Complex

Offa's Dyke - Historical evidence, Cultural references, Bibliography, On-line

offal - Offal as food, by region, Food safety issues, See Also

office automation - References, Further reading

Office of Fair Trading (OFT) - OFT activities, Structure, The OFT and Wintel Monopoly, The OFT and credit card charges

Ogaden - History

Ogbomosho

Ogden - Places

Ogdensburg Agreement

Ohio - Law and government, Political demographics and history, Education, Professional sports teams, Transportation, State symbols

Ohio Company (1749)) - Formation, French and Indian War, Grand Ohio Company

Ohio Company (1786)) - Formation, French and Indian War, Grand Ohio Company

Ohio River - History, Cities and towns

ohm - Definition, Origin, Explanation, Conversions

Ohm's law - Physics, How electrical and electronic engineers use Ohm's law, Temperature effects

ohmmeter

Ohrid - Name, History, Places in the Ohrid district, Gallery, Sources and External links

oil (botany) - Types, Examples, Applications

oil (earth sciences) - Types, Examples, Applications

oil painting - Process of oil painting

oil palm - Cultivation, External links and references

oilbird

Oireachtas - Composition, Role, Committees, History, Northern Ireland representation

Ojibwa - Language, Culture, Bands and First Nations of Ojibwe people

Oka - Surname, Car, Food, Geography, History, Metrics, Military, Music, Aviation, Lifestyles

okapi - History, Etymology, Trivia, Media

Okefenokee Swamp - Location and history, Wildlife, Trivia

Oklahoma - Geography, History, Law and Government, Transportation, Important Cities and Metropolitan Areas, Demographics

okra - Cultivation and uses, Nutrients, Extras

Olara (A) Otunnu

Olav Duun - Bibliography

Olbers' paradox - Assumptions, Explanations

Old Bailey - In popular culture

Old Believers - The reforms of Patriarch Nikon, Modern situation, Old Believer Denominations, Edinovertsy

Old English sheepdog - Care, Miscellaneous

Old Testament - Canon of the Old Testament, Historicity of the Old Testament, Naming of the Old Testament

Old World monkey

Oldenburg - Demography, Economy and Infrastructure

Olduvai Gorge

oleander - Cultivation and uses, Toxicity

Oleg Cassini - Early life, Career, First marriage, Second marriage, Death

Oleg Grabar - Bibliography

Olga Korbut - Early life, The Olympics, The Legacy, Trivia

oligarchy - Oligarchy, Aristocracy, and Plutocracy, Examples of oligarchies, "The Iron Law of Oligarchy"

oligomer

oligopoly

Olin (Levi) Warner

Olindo Guerrini

olingo

olive

Olive (Emilie Albertina) Schreiner

olive shell

Oliver (Edwin) Baker

Oliver (Fisher) Winchester - Birth and marriage, Career

Oliver (Hazard Perry) La Farge - Personal life

Oliver (Lemuel) Smith - Awards

Oliver (Wolf) Sacks - Biography, Books, Essays

Oliver Cromwell - Family, Early years: 1599-1640

Oliver Ellsworth - Service during the Revolutionary War, Work on the United States Constitution, Achievements as a legislator

Oliver Evans - The Oruktor Amphibolos, Death, Tributes

Oliver Goldsmith

Oliver Hazard Perry

Oliver Heaviside - Biography, Innovations and discoveries

Oliver Hudson Kelley

Oliver Kahn - Club career, International career, Trivia, Honours

Oliver North - Iran-Contra affair, Later life and career, Political and historical legacy, Trivia

Oliver Stone - Biography, Controversy, Other work, Recent work, Bibliographies

Oliver Tambo

Oliver Wolcott

Olivia (Mary) De Havilland - Early life, Career, Private life, Academy Awards, Selected Filmography, Television work

Olivia (Mary) Manning - Sources

Olivier (Eug - Biography, Music, Works, Published during his lifetime, Published posthumously

Olivier Panis

olivine - Identification and paragenesis, Crystal structure, High pressure polymorphs and phase diagram

Olof von Dalin

Olympia Brown

Olympias - Life, Olympias in the modern world

Olympic Games - Ancient Olympics, Revival of the Olympic Games, Olympic Movement, Use of podia, Olympic symbols, Olympic sports

Olympic National Park - Natural history, Human history, Recreation

Olympus Mons - General description, Volcanism, Early observations and naming, Surroundings

Olynthus - Modern Olynthos

Omagh - History, Climate, Communication, Religion, Electoral wards/Neighbourhoods, People

Omaha (Indians)

Omaha (Nebraska)

Oman - History, Subdivisions, Geography, Economy, Demographics, Culture

Omar (Nelson) Bradley - World War II, Summary of service

Omar Bongo - Trivia

Omar Sharif - Biography, Sharif and Gaming, Filmography

ombudsman - Ombudsman in politics, Organizational ombudsman, News ombudsman, Legislative/Classical ombudsman, Fictional ombudsmen, External links

Omdurman - History, Arts, Education, Shopping and Recreation, Hospitals, Sports, Communication and Mass Transit

Ommelanden

omnivore - Description, As food, Species of omnivorous animals

Omri - The Omride Dynasty, Omri in archaeological sources, Attitude in contemporary Israel

Omsk - History, Landmarks, Metro, Sports, Education, Sister cities, Trivia

oncogene - Proto-oncogene, Oncogene

oncology - Diagnosis, Therapy, Follow-up, Palliative care, Ethical issues, Progress and research in oncology

ondes Martenot

Oneida

Onesimus

onion - Types of onion (Allium cepa), In Language

onomastics

onomatopoeia - Examples and uses of onomatopoeia

onsen - Onsen Characteristics, Onsen etiquette, Infections, Selected Onsen, References and Notes

Ontario - Geography, Demographics, Climate, Economy, Transportation, Professional sports, Agriculture, Government

ontological argument - Anselm's argument, A modern description of the argument, Criticisms and Objections, Revisionists

ontology - Some basic questions, Concepts, Early history of ontology, Subject, relationship, object, Body and environment

Oodgeroo Noonuccal - Publications

oolite

Oort cloud - Oort cloud objects

Op Art - Historical Context, Origin of "Op", Exhibitions, Photographic Op art

opal - Precious opal, Common opal, Other varieties of opal, Sources of opal, Synthetic opal

OPEC (Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)

open cluster - Historical observations, Formation, Morphology and classification, Numbers and distribution, Stellar composition, Eventual fate, Studying stellar evolution

open government - Quote, Trivia

open systems interconnection (OSI)

Open University - Aims, Foundation, Students, Teaching methods, Degrees, Business school, Research, Degree ceremonies, Notable current and former academics

opera - Operatic terminology, History, Operatic voices

operating system - Introduction, History, Today

operetta - History

operon - The operon as a unit of transcription, Promoter, Operator, Operon gene regulation, The lac operon

Ophir - In fiction, Extenal Links

Ophiuchus - Notable features, Notable deep-sky objects, Astrology, Stars

ophthalmology - History of ophthalmology, Professional requirements, Sub-specialities, Ophthalmic surgery, Famous ophthalmologists

opinion poll - History of opinion polls, Potential for inaccuracy, Polling organizations, The influence of opinion polls

opium - Harvesting opium, Opium preparation, Chemical properties and physiological effects, Production today, History of opium, Medicinal uses

opium poppy - Use as food, History, Photos

Opium Wars - The Growth of the Opium Trade (1650–1773), The East India Company (1773–1833)

opposition (astronomy) - Superior and inferior

opposition (politics)

Oprah (Gail) Winfrey - Early life, Career and success, Personal life, Oprah's Legends Weekend, Wealth, Philanthropy, Influence

Ops

optics - Classical optics, Modern optics, Other optical fields, Everyday optics, Wikibooks modules

optimum currency area - Criteria

optoelectronics - External Links

optometry - Optometric work, Licensing and education, Sub-specialities

opuntia

Opus Dei - History, mission, and name, Catholic Church and Opus Dei, Opus Dei in society

oracle

Oracle (computing)

Oracle (telecommunications)

oral history - Usage, Polybiography

Oran - History, Oran today, Culture, Fiction

Oran Page

orange

Orange (France)

Orange (Massachusetts)

Orange (New Jersey)

Orange River - Geography, Water catchment, Miscellaneous

oratorio - Subject, Structure, List of notable oratorios

oratory - Speech, Place of worship

Orazio Gentileschi - Biography, Works

orchestra - Instrumentation and proportions, Organization, History of the orchestra, Conductorless orchestras, Multiple Conductors, Other meanings

orchestration - Orchestration, arrangement and instrumentation, Dedicated orchestrators, Posthumous Orchestration, Bibliography

Orde (Charles) Wingate - Beginnings, Palestine and the Special Night Squads, Abyssinia and the Gideon Force, Burma and the Chindits

Order of Merit (OM) - Current members

order of reaction

Ordnance Datum (OD)

ore - Important ore minerals

Oregon - History, Geography, Law and government, Economy, Demographics, Education, Professional sports teams, State symbols, Notes and references

Oregon boundary dispute - Joint occupation, Election of 1844, Slogans and war crisis, Resolution and treaty, Historical maps

Oregon Trail - History, Routes, Landmarks, Travel equipment, Music, Trivia, Historical Literature

Orel

Oreste Baratieri - Early career

Orestes (Augustus) Brownson

organ

organic architecture

organic chemistry - Historic highlights, Classification of organic substances, Characteristics of organic substances, Molecular structure elucidation, Organic reactions

organic farming - Overview, History, Methods, Productivity, Issues, The future

Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE)

Organization of American States (OAS) - History, Goals and purpose, Membership and adhesions

Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC)

Organization of Central American States

Organization of the Islamic Conference - Members, Past Islamic Summit Conferences

organum - History, References and further reading

Orhan Pamuk - Biography, Nobel Prize, Criminal case, Bibliography in Turkish, Awards

Oriana Fallaci - Career, Controversy, Awards, Books by Oriana Fallaci

oribi

orienteering - History, Basics, Map and control details, Equipment and clothing, Race types, Mountain bike orienteering, Ski orienteering

origami - History, Paper and other materials, Mathematics of origami, Technical origami, Authors of books about origami

Origen - Life, Works, Views, Character, Origen's influence on the later Church, Reference

original sin - The original sin (the Fall), Disputes concerning original sin, Original sin (Christian doctrine)

oriole - Species

Orion (astronomy) - Composing Stars

Orion (mythology) - Modern interpretations, Ancestry, origins, birth, Orion and Merope, Orion at Lemnos, Orion and Eos

Orissa - Geography, Culture, History, Ancient names of Orissa, Key historic and prehistoric sites, Prehistoric cave painting sites

Orlando

Orlando Bloom - Selected filmography

Orlando Gibbons

Orm

Ornette Coleman - Early career, The Shape of Jazz to Come, Free Jazz, 1960s, Later career, Legacy

Ornithischia

ornithology - History of ornithology, National associations and societies, Publications and magazines, People, Other Meanings

orogeny - Physiography

Oromo - History, Notable Oromos, Further reading

Orpheus - Overview, Genealogy, The Argonautic expedition, Death of Eurydice, Death of Orpheus, Orphic poems and rites

Orseolo

orthoclase

orthographic projection - First-angle projection, Third-angle projection, Additional information, Multiviews without rotation

Orthoptera

oryx

Osaka - History, Attractions, Transport, Wards, Demographics, Economy, Major companies based in Osaka, Education, Culture

Osama bin Laden - Family and childhood, Appearance and manner, Military and militant activity, Criminal charges and attempted extradition

Osami Nagano

Osborne Reynolds - Achievements

Oscar

Oscar (Emmanuel) Peterson - Awards and recognitions, Quotes, Trivia, Discography

Oscar (Fingal O'Flahertie Wills) Wilde - Biography, Biographies, Oscar Wilde in modern popular culture, Bibliography

Oscar (Luigi) Scalfaro

Oscar (Theodore) Broneer - Biography

Oscar (Wilder) Underwood

Oscar de la Renta - Early Years, Clothing Line, Awards, Honors, Philanthropic Endeavors, Citizenship, Marriages

Oscar Handlin - Works

Oscar Howe

Oscar Levant - Life, Filmography, Memoirs, Quotes, Work on Broadway

Oscar Micheaux - Bibliography, Filmography

Oscar Niemeyer - Early life, First works, The Pampulha project, The 1940s and 1950s, Brasília, Exile and projects overseas

Oscar Robertson - The 1960 Olympics, Professional career

Oscar Stanton De Priest

Oscar Zariski - Education, Johns Hopkins University years, Harvard University years, Awards and recognition, Sources

Osceola - Birth and early life, Resistance and war leader, Captured by deceit, Relics of Osceola, In literature

oscillation - Simple systems, Damped, driven and self-induced oscillations, Coupled oscillations, Continuous systems - waves

Osiris - Early mythology, Mystery religion, Osiris in popular culture

Oskar (Johann Viktor) Anderson - Life, Work

Oskar Kokoschka

Oskar Lafontaine - Political rise, Chancellor candidacy, Political comeback, Minister of Finance

Oskar Maria Graf - Life, Works

Oskar Schlemmer

Oslo - Name, History, Geography and climate, Main sights, Shopping, Politics and government, Administrative divisions, Economy

Osman I - Reference

osmiridium - Occurrence, Uses

osmotic pressure - Applications

osprey - Description, Classification, Behaviour, Conservation, Popular culture

Ossie Davis - Filmography

Ossip (Solomonovitch) Gabrilowitsch - Works, Media

Ossip Zadkine

Ostend - History, Famous citizens of Ostend, Sport clubs

osteoarthritis - Signs and symptoms, Causes of osteoarthritis, Treatment, Prognosis

osteology - Methods, Applications

osteomalacia - Causes, Clinical features

osteomyelitis - Presentation, Treatment, Causes

osteopathy - History, Osteopathic principles, Techniques of Osteopathic Manual Medicine (OMM), Osteopathic medicine around the world

osteoporosis - Signs and symptoms, Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Epidemiology, Treatment, Prognosis, History

Ostia - History, Photos

ostracism - Procedure, Distinction from other Athenian democratic processes, Period of operation, Purpose of ostracism, Fall into disuse

ostracod - Morphology

Ostrava - History of Ostrava, Geography and climate, People and demographics, Industry and coal mines, Karolina, Culture, Universities

ostrich - Description, Systematics and distribution, Behaviour, Reproduction, Ostriches and humans, Gallery, Sources

Ostsiedlung - Background, Historical development of a few marches and regions, Lesser Poland, Bohemia and Moravia

Oswald Garrison Villard - Sources