Cambridge Encyclopedia

Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 56

Oswald Mbuyiseni Mtshali

Oswald Spengler - Biography, Spengler's works, Further reading

Oswald Veblen

Oswald von Wolkenstein

Otis Chandler

Otis D(udley) Duncan

Otis Redding - Biography, Sample, Discography

Otis Rush - Career, Discography

Otl Aicher

Ottawa - History, Geography and climate, Transportation, Primary industries, Sports, Politics

Ottawa River - History

otter - Physical characteristics, Diet, Species, Otters in mythology, Otters in literature, List of species, Gallery

Ottmar Mergenthaler

Otto (Heinrich) Warburg

Otto Behaghel - Works

Otto Braun

Otto Diels

Otto Dietrich

Otto Dix

Otto Erich Hartleben - Works

Otto Fritz Meyerhof

Otto Georg Thierack

Otto Grotewohl

Otto Hahn - Biography, Opinions

Otto Harbach

Otto Julius Bierbaum - Works

Otto Klemperer - Career, Further reading, Discography

Otto Laporte

Otto Lilienthal - In fiction

Otto Loewi - Research, Biography

Otto Ludwig

Otto Messmer

Otto Neurath - Life, Philosophy of science and language, By Neurath, About Neurath

Otto Preminger - Filmography

Otto Robert Frisch

Otto Skorzeny - Biography

Otto Stern

Otto Struve - Honors

Otto von Guericke - Biography, Death and afterwards, Literature

Otto Wagner - Major works

Ottoman Empire - History, Society, Culture, Lifestyle, Law, Military

Ottonian art - Background

Ottorino Respighi - Biography, Elsa Respighi, Selected works, Selected Recordings, Biographical Sources

Ouagadougou - History, Geography, Government, Climate, Tourism, Social life and education, Practical information, Sister cities

Oudenaarde - History, Twin cities

Ouida - Bibliography

Ouija board - Racing Career, The Oaks, 2005, 2006, Ouija's finest moment, Future Plans, Pedigree

Oujda - Town twinning

Oulipo - History, Oulipian works, Constraints, Members

Oulu - Transportation, Sports

Ourense - Location and Climate, History, Sightseeing, Industry, Barellete

Ouro Pr - Important Data, History, The Economy, The University and the "Republics", Miscellaneous

ouzo - History, Name, How ouzo is made, Aperitif drink, Appearance

Ovamboland

ovarian follicle - Development of oocytes in ovarian follicles, Additional images

ovary - Mammalian ovary, Human anatomy, Additional images

Overijssel - Geography, Municipalities

overpopulation - Introduction, Malthus' theory, Population as a function of food availability, The demographic transition

overture - History, The Overture and the Symphonic Poem, Trivia

Oveta Culp Hobby

Ovid - Life and work, Works, Works and artists inspired by Ovid

Ovide Mercredi

Oviedo - Sports, Feast and Traditions, Other cities in the municipality, Twin cities

Ovimbundu

ovule

Owain Arwel Hughes

Owen Chamberlain

Owen Davis

Owen J(osephus) Roberts

Owen Lattimore - Early life, WWII period, and after, Accusations, Later life

Owen Lovejoy

Owen Wister - External links and references

owl - External appearance, Species, Myth, lore, and popular culture, The Elusive White Owl

oxalic acid - Preparation, Occurrence in nature, Safety, Tests for oxalic acid

oxalis

OXFAM - Shops, Funding, Fundraising, Oxfam's work, Criticism

Oxford (UK) - Transport, Tourist attractions, Media and press, Literature in Oxford, Geography, Politics in Oxford

Oxford (USA) - Transport, Tourist attractions, Media and press, Literature in Oxford, Geography, Politics in Oxford

Oxford Movement - Early movement, Converts to Roman Catholicism

Oxfordshire - History, Towns and cities, Economy, Further reading

oxidizing agent - Alternate meanings, Common oxidizing agents, Common oxidizing agents and their products

oxpecker

oxygen - Applications, Compounds, Isotopes

oxygen cycle - Ozone

oxytocin - Synthesis, storage and release, Actions, Uses

oyster - True oysters, Pearl oysters, Dermo, Other molluscs named "oyster", Other uses of the word oyster

oystercatcher

ozone - Physical properties, Chemistry, Ozone in Earth's atmosphere, Ozone and health, Artificial production, Applications

ozone layer - Origin of ozone, Ultraviolet light and ozone, Distribution of ozone in the stratosphere, Ozone depletion

Ozzie Smith - At odds with current management

P(ieter) W(illem) Botha - Early life, Parliamentary career, State President, Apartheid regime, Botha's downfall, Retirement, Personal life

Paavo (Johannes) Nurmi - "A professional"

Paavo (Tapio) Lipponen

Pablo Casals - Early years, International career, Later years, Legacy, Quotations, Further reading

Pablo Neruda - Life, Trivia, Bibliography

Pablo Picasso - Career, Picasso's work, Awards, Anecdotes and trivia, Children, Lists of works

paca

pacarana

pacemaker

pachinko - Basics, Underworld links, Smoking

Pacific Ocean - Water characteristics, Geology, Landmasses, History and economy, Major ports and harbours, Further reading

Pacific Scandal

pacifism - History, Pragmatic pacifism, Principled or radical pacifism, Pacifism and international aggressions, Pacifism and religion

pack rat

packet switching - Packet routing, Packet switching in the networks, History of packet switching

Padania - Languages, National anthem (as proposed by the Northern League), Popular support for independence

paddlefish

Paddy Ashdown - Biography, Personal life

Paddy Chayefsky

Padraic Colum - Early life, Early poetry and plays, Later life and work, Selected works

Padua

Paestum - History, Overview, Historic buildings

pager - Functionality

pagoda - Height records, Functions of pagodas, Some famous pagodas, Reference

Pahang - Geography, Economy, History, Government

Pahari

pain - Types of pain, Selected common and serious causes of pain by region, Physiology, Survival benefit

paint - Components, Art, Application, Product variants

painted lady

painting - History of painting, Aesthetics and theory of painting, Painting media, Popular painting styles, Common painting idioms

pair production

Paisley - Etymology, History, Industry, Architecture, Education, Culture and Leisure, Sport, Transport, Areas of Paisley

Paiute - Northern Paiute, Southern Paiute, Pah Ute War

Pakistan - Government and politics, Administrative divisions, Geography and climate, Flora and fauna, Economy, Demographics, Society and culture

PAL

pala - Places, History

palate

Palawan - People and culture, Economy, Geography, Region, History, Is Famous For

Pale - Beyond the pale

Palembang

Palencia

Palenque - The name, The Maya Classic city, Rulers, Modern examinations of Palenque

Palermo - History, Demographics, Main sights, Sports, Patron saints, Transport

Palestine (Middle East) - The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem:1917-1988, Demographics

Palestine (USA) - The Origins and Evolution of the Palestine Problem:1917-1988, Demographics

palette

palindrome - History, Palindromes in languages with different writing systems, Types of palindrome, In fiction, Long palindromes

palio

Palladium

Pallas

palm

palm oil - History, Chemical composition, Nutrition, Environmental and cultural impact, Palm Oil as Biodiesel, Health

Palm Sunday - In the New Testament, Day of Week, Observation in the Liturgy, Tradition, Compare

Palma (de Mallorca)

Palmerston North - Geography, Physical environment, The city, Sports teams, Secondary schools in Palmerston North

Palmiro Togliatti - Biography, Overview

palmitic acid

Palmyra (Pacific Ocean) - History, Further excavations, Gallery

Palmyra (Roman history) - History, Further excavations, Gallery

Palomar Observatory - The Hale Telescope, Palomar Observatory Sky Survey, Current research, Public access

palomino

palynology - Methods of study, Applications

Pam Gems

Pamela Frankau - Works

Pamela Hansford Johnson - Career, Works

pampa(s)

pampas cat

pampas grass

Pamplona - History, Demography, Sports

Pamporovo

Pan (astronomy)

Pan (mythology) - Origins, Worship, Mythology, History and accounts, Faunus, Pan in fiction, Note

Pan-Africanism - Concept, Pan-African Banner, Branches of Pan-Africanism, Africentric Pan-Africanism, Criticism

Pan-American Highway - Pan-American Highway system overview, The Darién Gap, North of the Darién Gap

Panaetius

Panama - Etymology, History, Politics, Administrative divisions, Geography, Economy, Sources

Panama Canal - Layout, History, Tolls, Current issues, Future

Panama City - Brief history, Panama city as a tourist destination, Nature, Transportation, Education

Panchen Lama

Pancho Gonzales - Career, Place among the all-time great tennis players

Pancho Villa - The revolt against Diaz, Orozco's counterrevolution against Madero

pancreas - Anatomy, Function, Edibility, Diseases of the pancreas, History

panda

Pandarus

Pandora - Problems and Mistranslation, Interpretations, Pandora as depicted by the vase-painters

Pandurang Shastri Athavale - Youth

panegyric - Relation to Panegyrist

Pangaea - Geography, Formation of Pangaea, Rifting and break-up of Pangaea, Earlier supercontinents

pangolin - Physical description and behavior, Diet, Taxonomy

pangram - Other languages, Self-enumerating pangrams, Pangrammatic windows, Perfect pangrams from restricted sets

Panhandle - Panhandles outside the United States

panicle

panorama

pansy - Cultivation, breeding and life cycle, Anatomy, Diseases and pests, Cultivars, Name origin and significance

pantheism - History, Varieties of pantheism, Methods of explanation, Debate, Related concepts, Pantheistic concepts in religion, Ethics, Quotations

pantheon - Buildings, Other meanings

panther

pantomime - Origin, Today, Pantomime in Australia, Pantomime in Canada, Pantomime in the United States of America

pantothenic acid - Sources, Daily Requirement, Deficiency, Disputed Uses

Panzer - German panzers, Other uses

Paolo Ferrari

Paolo Maldini

Paolo Savi

Paolo Uccello - Life, Works, Further reading

Paolo Veronese - Famous works

Papakura - History, Facilities

Papal States - The Donation of Peppin and the Holy Roman Empire, The Renaissance

Papeete - Arrival and departure

paper - Manufacturing, Applications, Types, History, The future of paper

Paphos - Founding myth, History and archaeology, Interesting sites, Sports

papilloma

papillon

Pappus of Alexandria - His work, Theorems, Reference

Pappy Boyington - Early life, Military career, Medal of Honor citation, Later life, University of Washington Boyington Memorial

Papua New Guinea - History, Law, Politics, Administrative divisions, Geography, Ecology, Economy, Land tenure, Demographics, Culture, Sport, Religion, Miscellaneous

papyrus - Etymology, Manufacture and Use

parable

parabola - Definitions and overview

Paracelsus - Biography, Contributions to toxicology

paracetamol - History, Mechanism of action, Metabolism, Comparison with NSAIDs, Toxicity, Danger to animals

parachuting - Procedure, Skills, Safety, Types, Training, Parachute Deployment, Variations, Parachuting organizations

Paradise

paradox - Examples, Etymology, Common themes, Types of paradoxes

Paraguay - Politics, Administrative divisions, Geography, Economy

River Paraguay - People, Music, Business, Technology, Politics, Fiction

parakeet

paraldehyde - Medical applications, Industrial applications

parallax - Introduction, Use in distance measurement, Parallax and measurement instruments, Photogrammetric parallax, Lunar parallax, Solar parallax

parallel processing

paralysis - Paralysis in the animal world

paramagnetism - Introduction, Curie's law, Types of paramagnetism

Paramaribo - History, Economy, Culture, Football (soccer) and Paramaribo, Points of interest, Travel

paramedic - Skills Performed by Paramedics

Paran - People, Music, Business, Technology, Politics, Fiction

paranoia - Use in psychiatry, Paranoia depicted in popular culture

paranormal - Belief in the Paranormal, Relation to Perinormal, Paranormal Subjects

parapsychology - Types of parapsychological phenomena, History and claims, Status of the field, Noted parapsychologists, Critics of parapsychology

parasitic plant - Host range, Plants parasitic on fungi

parasitology - Fields

parathyroid hormone - Functions, Syndromes, Measurements

Paray-le-Monial

Parc des Princes

parchment - History, Cooking parchment

Pare Lorentz - Filmography, Externel Links

Paris (France) - History, Geography, Cityscape, Demography, Economy, Administration, Transport, Culture, Sister cities

Paris (mythology) - Paris' childhood, The Judgment of Paris, Paris and the Trojan War, Paris in the arts

Paris Bordone - Biography

Paris Gibson

Paris Op

parish council - England

parity (economics)

parity (physics) - Classical mechanics, Effect of spatial inversion on some variables of classical physics, Quantum mechanics

Parkinson's disease - History, Symptoms, Diagnosis, Descriptive epidemiology, Related diseases, Pathology, Causes of Parkinson's disease, Treatment, Prognosis

Parlamentarischer Rat

parliament - Parliamentary government, Origins of parliamentary government, Parliament of the United Kingdom, List of parliaments

Parma - History, Districts, Food, Sister cities, Sport, Miscellaneous

Parmenides - Overview, Interpretations of Parmenides, Arguments by Parmenides, Perception vs. Logos

Parmigianino - Early Years, Work in Fontanellato and Travel to Rome, Return to Bologna and Parma, Works

parody - Use in classical music, Modernist and post-modernist parody, Reputation, Film parodies film, Copyright issues

parole - Criminal justice

Paros - History, Communities, Islands of Paros, Other

parrot - Parrots and humans

parrotfish

parsec - History, Usage and Measurement, Distances in parsecs

parsing - Human languages, Programming languages, Types of parsers, Examples of parsers

parsley - Gallery

parsnip

parthenogenesis - Asexual reproduction versus sexual reproduction, Parthenogenesis, Gynogenesis, Hybridogenesis

Parthenon - Design and construction, Sculptural decoration, Treasury or temple?, Later history, Reconstruction, Pollution hazards

participant observation

particle physics - Subatomic particles, History, The Standard Model, Experiment, Theory, Reductionism, Public policy, The future

partita - Source

Partition of Ireland

Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI)

Partito d'Azione - History, Prominent Members, Sources

Partito Democratico della Sinistra (PDS)

Partito Liberale Italiano (PLI) - Re-foundation of the party

Partito Radicale (PR)

Partito Repubblicano Italiano (PRI)

Partito Socialista Italiano (PSI) - Founding to World War I, After World War I, "Golden years", Decline, Craxi's successors

Partito Socialista Italiano di Unit - History, Secretaries

partnership - Australian Partnerships under the Partnership Act 1958 (Vic), United Kingdom Limited Partnership Formation

partridge - Species list, The partridge in culture

parvovirus - Structure, Parvovirus Replication, Diseases, Further reading

PASCAL

pascal

Pascal Dusapin

Pascale Ogier - Filmography

Pascual de Gayangos y Arce

pasodoble

Pasquale Stanislao Mancini - Biography

Pasquale Villari

Pasquier Quesnel

passacaglia - Origins and features, Composers, Modern examples

passenger pigeon - Life and extinction, Martha, Popular Culture

passerine - Characteristics, Origin

passion flower - Medical and entheogenic uses

passive smoking - Short-term effects, Long-term effects, Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Particulate Matter Emission, Controversy

Passover

pasta - History, Accompaniments, Pasta varieties

pastel - Pastel Media, Manufacture, Pastel Supports, Protection of Pastel artwork, Pastel Societies, Pastel Artists

pasteurization - Milk pasteurization, Alternative milk pasteurization standards, Raw milk, Are current milk pasteurization standards adequate?

Paston Letters - History of the collection, Chronology, Family tree, BBC adaptation

pastoral - Pastoral art

pastoralism - Origins, Resources, Resource management, Disruption of management strategies, Social organisation, Examples of pastoralist societies, Bibliography

Pat Metheny - Pat Metheny Group, Side Projects, Guitar Contributions, Influences

Pat Nixon - Early life, College student, film extra, teacher and economist, Marriage and family

Pat Robertson - Life and career, Global Warming, Political activism, Controversies and Criticisms

Pat Weaver

Patagonia - Population and land area, Physical geography, Climate, Vegetation, Fauna, History, 20th century Patagonia, Economy