John (of England) - Popes, Antipopes, Rulers, Other

King of England (1199–1216), the youngest son of Henry II, born in Oxford, Oxfordshire, SC England, UK, and one of the least popular monarchs in English history. He tried to seize the crown during Richard I's captivity in Germany (1193–4), but was forgiven and nominated successor by Richard, who thus set aside the rights of Arthur, the son of John's elder brother Geoffrey. Arthur's claims were supported by Philip II of France, and, after Arthur was murdered on John's orders (1203), Philip marched against him with superior forces, conquering all but a portion of Aquitaine (1204–5). In 1206 John refused to receive Stephen Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury, and in 1208 his kingdom was placed under papal interdict. He was then excommunicated (1209), and finally conceded (1213). His oppressive government, and failure to recover Normandy, provoked baronial opposition, which led to demands for constitutional reform. The barons met the king at Runnymede, and forced him to grant the Great Charter (Magna Carta) (Jun 1215), the basis of the English constitution. His repudiation of the Charter precipitated the first Barons' War (1215–17).

In references to Biblical texts, "John" refers to the Gospel of John, and "1 John", "2 John", and "3 John" to the Epistles of John

Popes

Pope John I Pope John II Pope John III Pope John IV Pope John V Pope John VI Pope John VII Pope John VIII Pope John IX Pope John X Pope John XI Pope John XII Pope John XIII Pope John XIV Pope John XV Pope John XVI (antipope) Pope John XVII Pope John XVIII Pope John XIX Pope John XX (never actually existed) Pope John XXI Pope John XXII Pope John XXIII Pope John Paul I Pope John Paul II

Antipopes

Antipope John Antipope John XVI (see above) Antipope John XXIII

Rulers

John I John II John III John IV John V John VI John VII John VIII John of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden John of England John of Poland Archduke Johann of Austria

Other

John and Paul, martyrs. Prester John, legendary figure Scatman John, American singer John, an Indian bookmaker who paid Mark Waugh and Shane Warne for pitch and weather reports Hurricane John (disambiguation), tropical cyclones appearing in the Eastern Pacific Ocean John of Falkenberg - Catholic Author (Catholic Encyclopedia article) John of Fécamp - Ascetic writer - (Catholic Encyclopedia article) John of Montesono - Catholic Theologian (Catholic Encyclopedia article) John of Paris - French Theologian (Catholic Encyclopedia article) John of Roquetaillade (de Rupescissa) - Alchemist (Catholic Encyclopedia article) John of Rupella - Franciscan theologian (Catholic Encyclopedia article) John of Saint Thomas - Catholic theologian ([http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08479b.htm Catholic Encyclopedia

This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the same human name.