khedive

An ancient Persian title acquired from the Ottoman Sultan by the autonomous Viceroy of Egypt, Ismail, in 1867. It was used until Egypt became a British protectorate (1914).

Khedive (from Persian for "lord", also known as "viceroy") was a title granted to governor and monarch of Egypt Ismail Pasha in 1867 by his nominal overlord the Ottoman Sultan Abd-ul-Aziz.

Egypt had gained the position after Mehemet Ali led a rebellion against the Ottoman sultan and became the ruler of Egypt. Abbas was deposed by the British in 1914 because he declared war on the United Kingdom due to the fact that his nominal overlord the Ottoman Sultan was on Germany's side, and the title ended with him. After the Ottoman empire sided with Germany in World War I, however Britain deposed the Khedive and declared Egypt a British protectorate.