Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 44
 

Kurt Weill - Life and Work, List of selected works

Composer, born in Dessau, EC Germany. He studied and worked at Berlin, became a composer of instrumental works, then collaborated with Brecht, achieving fame with Die Dreigroschenoper (1928, The Threepenny Opera), its best-known song, ‘Mack the Knife’, becoming an international classic. A refugee from the Nazis, he settled with his actress wife Lotte Lenya in the USA in 1935. His Broadway works included Knickerbocker Holiday (1938) and Lady in the Dark (1941), and he also wrote the ‘folk opera’ Down in the Valley (1948), which used traditional Kentucky tunes. His later operas and musical comedies, all of which contain an element of social criticism, did not repeat the success of the first.

Portions of the summary below have been contributed by Wikipedia.

Kurt Julian Weill (March 2, 1900 – April 3, 1950), born in Dessau, Germany and died in New York City, was a German-born American composer active from the 1920s until his death. In Weill's lifetime, his work was most associated with the voice of his wife, Lotte Lenya, but shortly after his death "Mack the Knife" was established by Louis Armstrong and Bobby Darin as a jazz standard;

Life and Work

After growing up in a religious Jewish family, and composing a series of works before he was 20 (a song cycle Ofrahs Lieder with a text by Yehuda Halevi translated into German, a string quartet, and a suite for orchestra), he studied music composition with Ferruccio Busoni in Berlin and wrote his first symphony. Although he had some success with his first mature non-stage works (such as the String Quartet op.8 or the Concerto for Violin and Wind Orchestra, op.12), which were influenced by Gustav Mahler, Arnold Schoenberg and Igor Stravinsky, Weill tended more and more to vocal music and musical theatre. Lenya took great care to support Weill's work, and after his death she took it upon herself to increase awareness of his music, forming the Kurt Weill Foundation.

University of Phoenix

His best-known work is The Threepenny Opera (1928), a reworking of John Gay's The Beggar's Opera written in collaboration with Bertolt Brecht. The Threepenny Opera contains Weill's most famous song, "Mack the Knife" ("Die Moritat von Mackie Messer"). Weill's working association with Brecht, although successful, came to an end over differing politics in 1930. As a prominent and popular Jewish composer, he was a target of the Nazi authorities, who criticized and even interfered with performances of his later stage works, such as Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny (Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny, 1930), Die Bürgschaft (1932), and Der Silbersee (1933). With no option but to leave Germany, he went first to Paris, where he worked once more with Brecht (after a project with Jean Cocteau failed) - the ballet The Seven Deadly Sins. Weill believed that most of his work had been destroyed, and he seldom and reluctantly spoke and wrote German again, with the exception of, for example, letters to his parents who had escaped to Israel.

Rather than continue to write in the same style that had characterized his European compositions, Weill made a study of American popular and stage music, and his American output, though held by some to be inferior, nonetheless contains individual songs and entire shows that not only became highly respected and admired, but have been seen as seminal works in the development of the American musical. For his work on Street Scene Weill was awarded the very first Tony Award for Best Original Score.

In the 1940s Weill lived in a home in New City in Downstate New York near the New Jersey border and made frequent trips both to New York City and to Hollywood for his work for theatre and film. Weill was active in political movements encouraging American entry into World War II, and after America joined the war in 1941, Weill enthusiastically collaborated in numerous artistic projects supporting the war effort both abroad and on the home front. He and Maxwell Anderson also joined the volunteer civil service by working as air raid wardens on High Tor Mountain between their home in New City and Haverstraw, New York in Rockland County.

List of selected works

1920-1927

1920 – Sonata for Cello and Piano 1921 – Symphony No. 1 for orchestra 1923 – String Quartet op. 8 1923 – Quodlibet. 9 1923 – Frauentanz: sieben Gedichte des Mittelalters for soprano, flute, viola, clarinet, horn and bassoon, op. 10 1924 – Concerto for Violin and Wind Orchestra, op. 12 1926 – Der Protagonist, op.15 (Opera in one act, text by Georg Kaiser) 1927 – Der Neue Orpheus. Cantata for soprano, solo violin and orchestra op.16 (text by Yvan Goll) 1927 – Royal Palace op.17 (Opera in one act, text by Yvan Goll) 1927 – Der Zar lässt sich photographieren op.21 (Opera in one act, text by Georg Kaiser) 1927 – Mahagonny (Songspiel) (Bertolt Brecht)

Works 1928-1935

1928 – Berlin im Licht Song. March for military band (wind ensemble) or voice and piano 1928 – Die Dreigroschenoper, or the Threepenny Opera (Bertolt Brecht) 1928 – Kleine Dreigroschenmusik (Little Threepenny Music), Suite for wind orchestra based on the Threepenny Opera 1928 – Zu Potsdam unter den Eichen for chorus a cappella or voice and piano (Bertolt Brecht) 1928 – Das Berliner Requiem (Berlin Requiem). Cantata for three male voices and wind orchestra (Bertolt Brecht) 1929 – Der Lindberghflug (first version). Music by Weill and Paul Hindemith and lyrics by Bertolt Brecht 1929 – Happy End (Elisabeth Hauptmann and Bertolt Brecht) - Tony Nomination for Best Original Score 1929 – Der Lindberghflug (second version). Music entirely by Weill and lyrics by Bertolt Brecht 1930 – Aufstieg und Fall der Stadt Mahagonny, or Rise and Fall of the City of Mahagonny (Bertolt Brecht) 1930 – Der Jasager (Elisabeth Hauptmann and Bertolt Brecht) 1932 – Die Bürgschaft, or The Pledge (Caspar Neher) 1933 – Der Silbersee, or Silver Lake 1933 – Die sieben Todsünden, or The Seven Deadly Sins. Ballet chanté for voices and orchestra (Bertolt Brecht) 1934 – Marie galante for voices and small orchestra (book and lyrics by Jacques Deval) 1934 – Symphony No. 2 for orchestra 1935 – Der Kuhhandel, or My Kingdom for a Cow (Robert Vambery) (unfinished)

Works 1936-1950

1936 – Johnny Johnson (Paul Green) 1937 – The Eternal Road (Desmond Carter, first, unfinished version in German with a text by Franz Werfel, directed by Max Reinhardt (theatre director)) 1938 – Knickerbocker Holiday (Maxwell Anderson) 1938 – Railroads on Parade (Edward Hungerford) 1940 – Ballad of Magna Carta. Cantata for narrator and bass soloists, chorus and orchestra (Maxwell Anderson) 1940 – Lady in the Dark (Moss Hart and Ira Gershwin) 1941 – Fun to be Free Pageant 1942 – And what was sent to the Soldier's Wife? Song for voice and piano (Bertolt Brecht) 1942 – Mine Eyes Have Seen the Glory. Patriotic song arrangements by Weill for narrator, chorus, and orchestra 1943 – One Touch of Venus (Ogden Nash) 1945 – The Firebrand of Florence (Ira Gershwin) 1945 – Down in the Valley 1947 – Hatikvah Arrangement of the Israeli National Anthem for orchestra 1947 – Four Walt Whitman Songs for voice and orchestra (or piano) 1947 – Street Scene (Elmer Rice and Langston Hughes) - Tony Award for Best Original Score 1948 – Love Life (Alan Jay Lerner) 1949 – Lost in the Stars (Maxwell Anderson) 1950 – Huckleberry Finn (Maxwell Anderson) Unfinished. (A&M Records, 1987) September Songs: The Music of Kurt Weill (performed by Elvis Costello, PJ Harvey and others) (Sony Music, 1997) Kazik Staszewski: Melodie Kurta Weill'a i coś ponadto (SP Records, 2001) Tribute to Kurt Weill by one of the greatest song writers from Poland (also includes his version of Nick Cave's "The Mercy Seat") Youkali: Art Songs by Satie, Poulenc and Weill.
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