Lawyer, writer, and lecturer, born in Denmark. Emigrating to the USA (1867), he practised law for a number of years. Originally influenced by Pascal, he turned to Socialism and wrote the widely-read Cooperative Commonwealth (1884), a blend of Marxism and Christian idealism that called for the end of capitalism. Lecturing throughout the country on this theme, he edited a Socialist paper, briefly held a position with the Labor Department, and then returned to lecturing and publishing. He was elected to the executive committee of the Socialist Labor Party (1888), and in the final year of his life was on the staff of the New York Journal in charge of labour news.
He became a writer and lecturer on Socialism and was closely connected with the work of the Socialist Labor Party from 1874 to 1884, after which devoted himself almost exclusively to lecturing until his appointment to a post in the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
After his period of civil service, he again returned to the lecture field, and was an editorial writer for the New York and Chicago American from 1898 until his death in New York City.
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