Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 48

magnetite - Distribution of deposits

An iron oxide mineral (Fe3O4) with a very strong natural magnetism. It is a valuable ore of iron.

Magnetite

Magnetite from the Kola Peninsula, Russia

General
Category Mineral
Chemical name iron(II,III) oxide
Chemical formula Fe3O4
Identification
Colour Black, greyish
Crystal habit Octahedral, fine granular to massive,
Crystal system Isometric
Cleavage Indistinct
Fracture Uneven
Mohs Scale hardness 5.5 - 6.5
Luster Metallic
Refractive index Opaque
Pleochroism None
Streak Black
Specific gravity 5.17 - 5.18
Fusibility  ?
Solubility  ?
Major varieties
Lodestone Magnetic with definite north and south poles

Magnetite is a ferrimagnetic mineral with IUPAC name iron(II,III) oxide and with chemical formula Fe3O4, one of several iron oxides and a member of the spinel group. The relationships between magnetite and other iron-rich oxide minerals such ilmenite, hematite, and ulvospinel have been much studied, as the complicated reactions between these minerals and oxygen influence how and when magnetite preserves records of the Earth's magnetic field.

Small grains of magnetite occur in almost all igneous rocks and metamorphic rocks.

Distribution of deposits

Magnetite is sometimes found in large quantities in beach sand.

Large deposits of magnetite also are found in Kiruna, Sweden, the Pilbara region in Western Australia, and in the Adirondack region of New York in the United States. 17:169-95 PDF file Bio-magnetics Magnetic bacteria (Italian)

Mining related links

History of Magnetite Mining in the NJ Highlands Magnetite mining in New Zealand Magnetite mining in Santa Cruz Peruvian sand dunes

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