Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 49

Marlene Dietrich - Early life, Hollywood, The singer, World War II, Personal life, Stage and cabaret, Final years

Film actress and singer, born in Berlin, Germany. Abandoning an early ambition to be a violinist, she became a chorus girl, then studied acting, and by 1923 had launched her career in German films. She gained international attention in The Blue Angel (1930) and moved to Hollywood with its director, Josef von Sternberg, who starred her in six films that enforced her persona of enigmatic sexuality. Eventually she moved on to a variety of admired roles in dramas and comedies. Resisting requests by the Nazis to return to Germany, she became a US citizen in 1939 and during World War 2 made extensive tours, often into combat zones, to entertain Allied troops. After the war, she began a new career as a singer, gaining a new following with her husky, sophisticated renditions. Linked romantically with many men, but married only once (to Rudolf Sieber in 1924), she spent her last years in Paris.

Marlene Dietrich

Marlene Dietrich at Expo 67 in Montréal, 1967.
Birth name Maria Magdalene Dietrich
Born December 27, 1901
Berlin-Schöneberg, Germany
Died May 6, 1992
Paris, France

Marlene Dietrich [IPA: marlɛnɛ ditriç] (December 27, 1901 – May 6, 1992) was an Academy Award-nominated German-American actress, entertainer and singer. The American Film Institute named Dietrich among the Greatest Female Stars of All Time, ranking at No.

Early life

She was born Maria Magdalene Dietrich in Berlin-Schöneberg, Germany to Louis Erich Otto Dietrich and Wilhelmina Elisabeth Josephine Felsing on December 27, 1901.

Marlene made her film debut in 1923.

Hollywood

She then moved to Hollywood to make Morocco, for which she received her only Oscar nomination. Her most lasting contribution to film history was as the star in several films directed by von Sternberg in the pre-Code early 1930s, such as The Scarlet Empress and Shanghai Express, in which she played "femmes fatales".

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The singer

Dietrich sang in several of her films (most famously in von Sternberg's The Blue Angel, in which she sings "Falling In Love Again"("Ich bin von Kopf bis Fuss auf Liebe eingestellt"), having made records in Germany in the 1920s.

World War II

In 1937, while her film career stalled in Hollywood, she made a film in London for producer Alexander Korda. Dietrich became an American citizen in 1939.

In 1941 the U.S. entered the Second World War and Dietrich became one of the first celebrities to raise war bonds.

Her singing helped on the homefront of the U.S.A too, as she recorded a number of anti-Nazi records in German for the OSS, including Lili Marleen, a curious example of a song transcending the hatreds of war.

Dietrich was awarded the Medal of Freedom by the US Government for her war work.

Personal life

Unlike her professional celebrity, which was carefully crafted and maintained, Dietrich's personal life was kept out of public view.

Her only child, Maria Elizabeth Sieber (married name Maria Riva), was born on December 13, 1924. When Maria Riva gave birth to a son in 1948, Dietrich was dubbed "the world's most glamorous grandmother".

She was reportedly offered a king's ransom to return to Germany, due to her immense popularity as well as Hitler's ardour, which she declined.

It has also been indicated that she was bisexual, having romantic affairs with actresses like Ona Munson and writer Mercedes de Acosta.

Stage and cabaret

From the 1950s to the mid-1970s Dietrich toured internationally as a successful cabaret performer.

His arrangements helped to disguise Dietrich's limited vocal range and allowed her to perform her songs to maximum dramatic effect. Spectacular costumes (by Jean Louis), body-sculpting undergarments, careful stage lighting and temporary mini-facelifts helped to preserve Dietrich's glamorous image well into old age.

Her return to Germany in 1960 for a concert tour elicited a mixed response.

In 1968, she received a Tony Award for her stage show.

Final years

Her show business career largely ended on September 29, 1975, when she broke her leg during a stage performance in Australia.

She spent her last decade mostly bed-ridden, in her apartment on the avenue Montaigne in Paris, during which time she was not seen in public but was a prolific letter-writer and phone-caller.

In an interview with the German magazine Der Spiegel in November 2005, her daughter and grandson claim that Marlene Dietrich was politically "active" during these years.

Dietrich died peacefully of natural causes May 6, 1992, at the age of 90 in Paris, France.

In 1994 her memorabilia were sold to the Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek (after US institutions showed no interest) where it became the core of the exhibition(see ) at the Sony Center on Potsdamer Platz, Berlin, Germany, which is not far away from the square named Marlene-Dietrich-Platz in her honour on November 8, 1997.

Her place in Hollywood

Dietrich never integrated into the Hollywood entertainment industry, being always an outsider for mainstream America.

Dietrich was a fashion icon to the top designers as well as a screen icon who later stars would follow.

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Filmography

Love Tragedy (1923) The Little Napoleon (1923) Man by the Wayside (1923) Leap Into Life (1924) Dance Mad (1925) The Bogus Baron (1926) Manon Lescaut (1926) Madame Doesn't Want Children (1926) A Modern DuBarry (1927) Chin Up, Charley! (1927) His Greatest Bluff (1927) Cafe Electric (1927) Princess Olala (1928) Dangers of the Engagement Period (1929) I Kiss Your Hand Madame (1929) The Woman One Longs For (1929) The Ship of Lost Men (1929) The Blue Angel (1930) Morocco (1930) Dishonored (1931) Shanghai Express (1932) Blonde Venus (1932) The Song of Songs (1933) The Scarlet Empress (1934) The Fashion Side of Hollywood (1935) (short subject) The Devil is a Woman (1935) I Loved a Soldier (1936) (unfinished) Desire (1936) The Garden of Allah (1936) Knight Without Armour (1937) Angel (1937) Destry Rides Again (1939) Seven Sinners (1940) The Flame of New Orleans (1941) Manpower (1941) The Lady Is Willing (1942) The Spoilers (1942) Pittsburgh (1942) Show Business at War (1943) (short subject) Follow the Boys (1944) Kismet (1944) Martin Roumagnac (1946) Golden Earrings (1947) A Foreign Affair (1948) Jigsaw (1949) (Cameo) Stage Fright (1950) No Highway in the Sky (1951) Rancho Notorious (1952) The Monte Carlo Story (1956) Around the World in Eighty Days (1956) (Cameo) Witness for the Prosecution (1957) Touch of Evil (1958) Judgment at Nuremberg (1961) Black Fox: The True Story of Adolf Hitler (1962) (documentary) (narrator) Paris, When It Sizzles (1964) (Cameo) Just a Gigolo (1979) Marlene (1984) (documentary) (Dietrich insisted to director Maximilian Schell that her voice only be heard)

Radio

"The Child", with Godfrey Kenton, radio play produced by Richard Imison for BBC on 18 August 1965

Further reading

Bach, Steven (1992). Marlene Dietrich: Life and Legend. A Woman at War: Marlene Dietrich Remembered.

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