Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 52

molybdenum

Mo, element 42, density 10·2 g/cm3, melting point 2610°C. A grey metal, occurring most commonly as the disulphide, MoS2; it is roasted in air to give MoO3, which is then reduced with hydrogen. It is an ingredient of several steel alloys, and MoS2 is important as a high temperature lubricant.

42 niobium ← molybdenum → technetium
Cr

Mo

W
Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42
Chemical series transition metals
Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d
Appearance gray metallic
Atomic mass 95.94(2) g/mol
Electron configuration [Kr] 4d
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 13, 1
Physical properties
Phase solid
Density (near r.t.) 10.28 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p. 9.33 g·cm−3
Melting point 2896 K
(2623 °C, 4753 °F)
Boiling point 4912 K
(4639 °C, 8382 °F)
Heat of fusion 37.48 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization 617 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) 24.06 J·mol
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 2742 2994 3312 3707 4212 4879
Atomic properties
Crystal structure cubic body centered
Oxidation states 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.16 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)
1st: 684.3 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 1560 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 2618 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 145 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 190 pm
Covalent radius 145 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering no data
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 53.4 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 138 W·m
Thermal expansion (25 °C) 4.8 µm·m
Speed of sound (thin rod) (r.t.) 5400  m·s−1
Young's modulus 329 GPa
Shear modulus 20 GPa
Bulk modulus 230 GPa
Poisson ratio 0.31
Mohs hardness 5.5
Vickers hardness 1530 MPa
Brinell hardness 1500 MPa
CAS registry number 7439-98-7
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of molybdenum
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
92Mo 14.84% Mo is stable with 50 neutrons
93Mo syn 4×103 y ε - 93Nb
94Mo 9.25% Mo is stable with 52 neutrons
95Mo 15.92% Mo is stable with 53 neutrons
96Mo 16.68% Mo is stable with 54 neutrons
97Mo 9.55% Mo is stable with 55 neutrons
98Mo 24.13% Mo is stable with 56 neutrons
99Mo syn 65.94 h β- 0.436, 1.214 99Tc
γ 0.74, 0.36,
0.14
-
100Mo 9.63% 7.8×1018 y β  ?

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