Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 55

Oklahoma - Geography, History, Law and Government, Transportation, Important Cities and Metropolitan Areas, Demographics

pop (2000e) 3 450 700; area 181 083 km²/69 919 sq mi. State in SW USA, divided into 77 counties; the ‘Sooner State’; mostly acquired by the USA in the Louisiana Purchase, 1803; Indians forced to move here in the 1830s (Indian Territory); Allem Wright, a Choctaw chief, coined the name to describe the land held by his people; Indians then lost the W region to whites (Oklahoma Territory, 1890); merged Indian and Oklahoma territories admitted into the Union as the 46th state, 1907; capital, Oklahoma City; other chief cities, Tulsa and Lawton; rivers include the Red (forms the S border), Arkansas, Canadian, Cimarron; Ouachita Mts in the SE; Wichita Mts in the SW; highest point Black Mesa (1516 m/4974 ft); in the W, high prairies part of the Great Plains; major agricultural products livestock and wheat; cotton, dairy products, peanuts; large oil reserves and associated petroleum industry; machinery, fabricated metals, aircraft.

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Flag of Oklahoma Seal of Oklahoma
Nickname(s): Sooner State
Official language(s) None
Capital Oklahoma City
Largest city Oklahoma City
Area  Ranked 20th
 - Total 69,960 sq mi
(181,196 km²)
 - Width 230 miles (370 km)
 - Length 298 miles (fBlack Mesa Mountain]] km)
 - % water 1.8
 - Latitude 33°35'N to 37°N
 - Longitude 94°29'W to 103°W
Population  Ranked 27th
 - Total (2000) 3,450,654
 - Density {{{2000DensityUS}}}/sq mi 
30.5/km² (35th)
Elevation  
 - Highest point {{{HighestPoint}}}
4,9g garawe sgt esad73 ft  (1,515 m)
 - Mean 1,296 ft  (395 m)
 - Lowest point Little River
289 ft  (88 m)
Admission to Union  {{{AdmittanceDate}}} (46th)
Governor C. Brad Henry (D)
U.S. Senators James M. Coburn (R)
Time zones  
 - most of state Central: UTC-6/-5
 - Kenton Mountain: UTC-7/-6
Abbreviations OK Okla. US-OK
Web site www.ok.gov
This article is about the U.S. State.

Geography

Oklahoma Portal
See also: list of Oklahoma counties, list of Oklahoma townships, and lakes in Oklahoma

Oklahoma is one of the six states on the Frontier Strip.

Regions of Oklahoma

From an ecoregional perspective, Oklahoma is recognized by the EPA as having 11 different ecoregions (one of only four U.S. states to have more than 10 ecoregions).

The Oklahoma Tourism Department divides the state down into six "countries" for tourism promotion purposes: Red Carpet Country (Northwestern Oklahoma and The Panhandle), Great Plains Country (Southwestern Oklahoma), Frontier Country (Central Oklahoma, including the Oklahoma City Metropolitan area), Green Country (Northeastern Oklahoma, including the Tulsa Metropolitan area), Kiamichi country (Southeastern Oklahoma), and Lake &

Popular but "unofficial" regional designations include Green Country (most often used to refer to Northeastern Oklahoma, but used by some to refer to either all of Eastern Oklahoma or just the Tulsa Metropolitan Area), Little Dixie (Southeastern Oklahoma), Western Oklahoma, and the Oklahoma Panhandle. While Oklahoma averages from 40-60 days of thunderstorms throughout the entire state, which is less frequent than thunderstorm activity in parts of the Southeast United States and the central Colorado Rockies, Oklahoma thunderstorms, which occur in what locals call a "fifth season" from April through July tend to among the most severe in the world.

History

Law and Government

Oklahoma

This article is part of the series:
Politics and government of
Oklahoma

Constitution
State government Governor Lieutenant Governor Attorney General Secretary of State State Treasurer State Cabinet Legislature Senate President of the Senate President pro tempore House of Representatives Speaker Court System Supreme Court Court on the Judiciary Court of Impeachment Nominating Commission Political Parties Democratic Republican Minor parties Counties Federal government United States Senate James Inhofe (R) Tom Coburn (R) United States House John Sullivan (R) Dan Boren (D) Frank Lucas (R) Tom Cole (R) Mary Fallin (R)
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State Government

The capital of the state is Oklahoma City and the Governor of Oklahoma is Brad Henry (Democrat).

Due to Oklahoma's restrictive ballot access laws (deemed by many to be the most restrictive in the nation), no third parties have access to the primary ballots, however the state does have the following active third parties: Oklahoma Libertarian Party, Green Party of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Constitution Party.

See also: Governor of Oklahoma See also: Oklahoma Legislature See also: Oklahoma Supreme Court

Local Governance

The state is divided into 77 counties which deliver local government.

Transportation

Primary interstate highways in Oklahoma include I-35, which traverses the state from north to south, I-40, which traverses the state from east to west, and I-44, which enters Oklahoma in the southwest and leaves the state in the northeast corner.

Oklahoma is served by two major airports:

Will Rogers World Airport, Oklahoma City Tulsa International Airport

There are also numerous other regional and general aviation airports:

See: List of airports in Oklahoma

Amtrak also operates a daily train between Oklahoma City and Fort Worth, Texas, the Heartland Flyer.

The minor league baseball teams are:

Oklahoma RedHawks (AAA in Oklahoma City) Tulsa Drillers (AA in Tulsa)

Other Oklahoma City teams include

Oklahoma City Blazers (Ice Hockey: CHL) Oklahoma City Yard Dawgz (Arena Football League: AF2) Oklahoma City Lightning (Women's Football: NWFA) New Orleans/Oklahoma City Hornets (National Basketball Association)

Other Enid teams include

Oklahoma Storm (Basketball: United States Basketball League)

Other Tulsa teams include

Tulsa Oilers (Ice Hockey: CHL) Tulsa Talons (Arena Football: AF2) Tulsa 66ers (Basketball: NBA Development League)

Oklahoma's major college teams are

the Oklahoma State Cowboys (Oklahoma State University) the Oklahoma Sooners (University of Oklahoma) the Tulsa Golden Hurricanes (University of Tulsa)

Important Cities and Metropolitan Areas

Oklahoma City

Oklahoma City, with a population of 523,303 in the immediate city limits and 1.3 million in the metro area, is the principal city of the eight-county Oklahoma City Metroplex and is the Oklahoma's largest urbanized area.

The 10 most popular religious affiliations (including "none") account for more than 90% of all Oklahomans:

No religious affiliation - 39.24% Southern Baptist – 28.03% United Methodist Church – 9.35% Catholic Church – 4.89% Assemblies of God – 2.56% Church of Christ – 2.41% Disciples of Christ - 1.56% Evangelical Christian Churches - 1.24% Church of the Nazarene - 1.06 Presbyterian Church (USA) - 1.02%

Oklahoma state symbols

Flora
Floral emblem Mistletoe
Wildflower Indian Blanket Gaillardia pulchella 1910
Tree Redbud Cercis canadensis 1971
Grass Indian Grass Sorghastrum nutans 1972
Flower Oklahoma Rose 2004
Fauna
Bird Scissor-tailed Flycatcher Muscivora forficata 1951
Reptile Collared Lizard (Mountain Boomer) Crotaphytus collaris) 1969
Animal Bison Bison bison 1972
Fish White bass (Sand bass) Morone chrysops 1974
Furbearer Animal Common Raccoon Procyon lotor 1989
Insect European honey bee Apis mellifera 1992
Game Animal White-tail deer Odocoileus virginians 1990
Game Bird Wild Turkey Meleagris gallopavo 1990
Butterfly Black Swallowtail Papilio polyxenes 1996
Amphibian Bullfrog Rana catesbeiana 1997
Fossil Allosaurid dinosaur Saurophaganax maximus 2000
Music
waltz "Oklahoma Wind"
Anthem "Oklahoma!"
lyrics: Oscar Hammerstein II
music: Richard Rodgers
1953
Song "Oklahoma Hills"
lyrics: Woody Guthrie
music: Woody Guthrie
Musical Instrument Fiddle 1984
Country and Western Song "Faded Love"
by John Willis
and Bob Wills
1988
Folk Dance Square Dance 1988
Percussive Musical Instrument Drum 1993
Children's Song "Oklahoma, My Native Land"
by Martha Kemm Barrett
1996
Western Band The Sounds of the Southwest 1997
Folk Song "Oklahoma Hills"
by Woody Guthrie
and Jack Guthrie
2001
Other
Colors Green and White 1915
Rock Rose Rock (Barite rose) 1968
Theatre Lynn Riggs Players of Oklahoma, Inc. 1971
Poem "Howdy Folks" by David Randolph Milsten 1973
Pin "OK" pin 1982
Beverage Milk 1985
Soil Port Silt Loam Cumulic haplustolls 1987
Meal Fried okra,
squash,
cornbread,
barbecue pork,
biscuits,
sausage and gravy,
grits,
corn,
strawberries,
chicken fried steak,
pecan pie,
and black-eyed peas.
1988
Poet Laureate biennial gubernatorial appointment 1994
Tartan Oklahoma Tartan 1999

Demographics

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, as of 2005, Oklahoma has an estimated population of 3,547,884, which is an increase of 24,338, or 0.7%, from the prior year and an increase of 97,232, or 2.8%, since the year 2000.

Demographics of Oklahoma (csv)
By race White Black AIAN Asian NHPI
AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native   NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
2000 (total population) 82.59% 8.31% 11.39% 1.71% 0.15%
2000 (hispanic only) 4.73% 0.19% 0.37% 0.05% 0.02%
2005 (total population) 82.20% 8.55% 11.31% 1.92% 0.16%
2005 (hispanic only) 6.10% 0.24% 0.35% 0.06% 0.03%
Growth 2000-2005 (total population) 2.33% 5.76% 2.04% 15.49% 9.51%
Growth 2000-2005 (non-hispanic only) 0.50% 5.17% 2.22% 15.19% 9.47%
Growth 2000-2005 (hispanic only) 32.58% 31.44% -3.27% 25.17% 9.69%

The five largest ancestry groups in Oklahoma are German (14.5%), American (13.1%), Irish (11.8%), English (9.6%), Native American (7.9%, with Cherokees as the largest tribe).

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