silver

Ag (Lat argentum), element 47, melting point 961°C. A lustrous transition metal, relatively rare, but occurring uncombined in nature, known and used since ancient times. It also occurs as a sulphide (Ag₂S), particularly along with those of other elements; a major source is the sludge from copper refinement. Of all elements, it is the best conductor of electricity. Long used extensively in coinage, it has now become too expensive for that purpose. Much used in jewellery and medals, it requires regular cleaning, as the surface becomes coated with Ag₂S. Its compounds, which normally show oxidation state +1 (especially AgBr), are used in photography; surfaces of AgBr, after activation by light, are easily reduced to Ag.

47 palladium ← silver → cadmium Cu ↑ Ag ↓ Au Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	silver, Ag, 47
Chemical series	transition metals
Group, Period, Block	11, 5, d
Appearance	lustrous white metal
Atomic mass	107.8682(2) g/mol
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 1
Physical properties
Color	silver
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	10.49 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	9.320 g·cm−3
Melting point	1234.93 K (961.78 °C, 1763.2 °F)
Boiling point	2435 K (2162 °C, 3924 °F)
Heat of fusion	11.28 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	258 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) 25.350 J·mol
Vapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T/K 1283 1413 1575 1782 2055 2433
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	face-centered cubic
Oxidation states	1 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	1.93 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies	1st: 731.0 kJ/mol
	2nd: 2070 kJ/mol
	3rd: 3361 kJ/mol
Atomic radius	160 pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	165 pm
Covalent radius	153 pm
Van der Waals radius	172 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic
Electrical resistivity	(20 °C) 15.87 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 429 W·m
Thermal diffusivity	(300 K) 174 mm²/s
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 18.9 µm·m
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(r.t.) 2680  m·s−1
Young's modulus	83 GPa
Shear modulus	30 GPa
Bulk modulus	100 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.37
Mohs hardness	2.5
Vickers hardness	251 MPa
Brinell hardness	24.5 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-22-4
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of silver iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 105Ag syn 41.2 d ε - 105Pd γ 0.344, 0.280, 0.644, 0.443 - Ag syn 8.28 d ε - 106Pd γ 0.511, 0.717, 1.045, 0.450 - 107Ag 51.839% Ag is stable with 60 neutrons Ag syn 418 y ε - 108Pd IT 0.109 108Ag γ 0.433, 0.614, 0.722 - 109Ag 48.161% Ag is stable with 62 neutrons 111Ag syn 7.45 d β- 1.036, 0.694 111Cd γ 0.342 -
References

Silver (IPA: /ˈsɪlvə/) is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (Latin: argentum). Silver sulfide, also known as Silver Whiskers, is formed when silver electrical contacts are used in an atmosphere rich in hydrogen sulfide.

Silver mining was a driving force in the settlement of western North America, with major booms for silver and associated minerals (primarily lead) in the galena ore silver is most commonly found in.

Silver and compounds containing silver (like colloidal silver) can be absorbed into the circulatory system and become deposited in various body tissues leading to a condition called argyria which results in a blue-grayish pigmentation of the skin, eyes, and mucous membranes.

Publications on health effects

Systemic argyria associated with ingestion of colloidal silver Myoclonic status epilepticus following repeated oral ingestion of colloidal silver Specific Inactivation of Herpes Simplex Virus by Silver Nitrate at Low Concentrations and Biological Activities of the Inactivated Virus Prevention of Herpes Keratoconjunctivitis in Rabbits By Silver Sulfadiazine