Sir Winston (Leonard Spencer) Churchill - Early life, The Army, Parliament, Ministerial office, Career between the wars, Role as wartime Prime Minister

British statesman, prime minister (1940–5, 1951–5), and author, born in Blenheim Palace, Oxfordshire, SC England, UK, the eldest son of Randolph Churchill. He trained at Sandhurst Military Academy, and was gazetted to the 4th Hussars in 1895. His army career included fighting at Omdurman (1898) with the Nile Expeditionary Force. During the second Boer War he acted as a London newspaper correspondent. Initially a Conservative MP (1900), he joined the Liberals in 1904, and was colonial under-secretary (1905), President of the Board of Trade (1908), home secretary (1910), and First Lord of the Admiralty (1911). In 1915 he was made the scapegoat for the Dardanelles disaster, but in 1917 became minister of munitions.

After World War 1 he was secretary of state for war and air (1919–21), and - as a ‘Constitutionalist’ supporter of the Conservatives - Chancellor of the Exchequer (1924–9). In 1929 he returned to the Conservative fold, but remained out of step with the leadership until World War 2, when he returned to the Admiralty; then, on Chamberlain's defeat (May 1940), he formed a coalition government, holding both the premiership and the defence portfolio, and leading Britain through the war against Germany, Italy, and Japan with steely resolution. Defeated in the July 1945 election, he became a pugnacious Leader of the Opposition. In 1951 he was prime minister again, and after 1955 remained a venerated backbencher. In his last years, he was often described as ‘the greatest living Englishman’.

He achieved a world reputation not only as a great strategist and inspiring war leader, but as the last of the classic orators with a supreme command of English; as a talented painter; and as a writer with an Augustan style, a great breadth of mind, and a profound sense of history. He was knighted in 1953, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature the same year. He left a widow, Clementine Ogilvy Hozier (1885–1977), whom he had married in 1908, and who was made a life peer in 1965 for her charitable work (Baroness Spencer-Churchill of Chartwell).

Sir Winston Churchill

Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
In office 10 May 1940 – 27 July 1945 26 October 1951 – 7 April 1955
Deputy	Clement Attlee (1942-1945) Anthony Eden (1951-1955)
Preceded by	Neville Chamberlain Clement Attlee
Succeeded by	Clement Attlee Sir Anthony Eden
Chancellor of the Exchequer
In office 6 November 1924 – 4 June 1929
Preceded by	Philip Snowden
Succeeded by	Philip Snowden
Born	30 November 1874 Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England
Died	24 January 1965 Hyde Park Gate, London, England
Political party	Conservative and Liberal
Spouse	Clementine Churchill, Baroness Spencer-Churchill

Winston Churchill (30 November 1874 – 24 January 1965) was an English statesman and author, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom during the Second World War. Well-known as an orator, strategist, and politician, Churchill was one of the most important leaders in modern British and world history. Sir Winston Churchill was voted the greatest-ever Briton in the 2002 BBC poll the 100 Greatest Britons.

Early life

Churchill's legal surname was Spencer-Churchill (he was related to the Spencer family), but starting with his father, Lord Randolph Churchill, his branch of the family used the name Churchill in their public life.

Winston Churchill was a descendant of the first famous member of the Churchill family, John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough. Winston's politician father, Lord Randolph Churchill, was the third son of the 7th Duke of Marlborough; Winston's mother was Lady Randolph Churchill (née Jennie Jerome), daughter of American millionaire Leonard Jerome.

Winston Churchill was born in Blenheim Palace in Woodstock, Oxfordshire on 30th November 1874.

The Army

After three attempts, Churchill was finally accepted at and attended the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst. Upon his graduation at age 20, Churchill joined the army as a Subaltern of the IV (Queen's Own) Hussars Cavalry regiment.

In India, the main preoccupation of Churchill's regiment was polo, a situation which did not appeal to the young man, hungry for more military action. Churchill obtained a commission to write about the conflict from the Daily Graphic newspaper. To Churchill's delight, he came under fire for the first time on his twenty-first birthday. In 1897, Churchill attempted to travel to the Greco-Turkish War, but this conflict effectively ended before he could arrive. By October 1897, Churchill was back in Britain and his first book, The Story of the Malakand Field Force, on that campaign, was published in December.

While in India, Churchill used his family connections to get himself assigned to the army being put together and commanded by Lord Kitchener and intended to achieve the reconquest of the Sudan. While in the Sudan, Churchill participated in what has been described as the last meaningful British cavalry charge at the battle of Omdurman.

In 1899, Churchill left the army and decided upon a parliamentary career. Churchill went to South Africa as a war correspondent to cover second Anglo-Boer war in 1899. Caught in an ambush while riding a train, Churchill helped clear the track and get the train moving again with the wounded. Churchill himself, however, was captured and held in a POW camp in Pretoria. Churchill would later claim that he had been captured by General Louis Botha, subsequently prime minister of the then Union of South Africa, but this claim has been challenged, notably by Churchill's grand-daughter Celia Sandys in her book Churchill Wanted Dead or Alive.

Churchill escaped from his prison camp and travelled almost 300 miles (480 km) to Portuguese Lourenço Marques in Delagoa Bay, with the assistance of an English mine manager. This time, although continuing as a war correspondent, Churchill gained a commission in the South African Light Horse Regiment.

Churchill's two books on the Boer war, London to Ladysmith via Pretoria and Ian Hamilton's March, were published in May and October 1900 respectively.

Parliament

After returning from South Africa, Churchill again stood as a Conservative party candidate in Oldham, this time in the 1900 general election, or Khaki election. (Members of Parliament were unpaid in those days and Churchill was not rich by the standards of other MPs at that time.) While in the United States, one of his speeches was introduced by Mark Twain.

In February 1901, Churchill arrived back in Britain to enter Parliament, and became associated with a group of Tory dissidents led by Lord Hugh Cecil and referred to as the Hughligans, a play on "Hooligans". During his first parliamentary session, Churchill provoked controversy by opposing the government's army estimates, arguing against extravagant military expenditure. This earned Churchill the detestation of his own supporters — indeed, Conservative backbenchers staged a walkout once while he was speaking.

In 1904, Churchill's dissatisfaction with the Conservatives and the appeal of the Liberals had grown so strong that, on returning from the Whitsun recess, he crossed the floor to sit as a member of the Liberal Party.

From 1903 until 1905, Churchill was also engaged in writing Lord Randolph Churchill, a two-volume biography of his father which came out in 1906 and was received as a masterpiece.

Ministerial office

When the Liberals took office, with Henry Campbell-Bannerman as Prime Minister, in December 1905, Churchill became Under-Secretary of State for the Colonies. Serving under the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Victor Bruce, 9th Earl of Elgin, Churchill dealt with the adoption of constitutions for the defeated Boer republics of the Transvaal and Orange River Colony and with the issue of 'Chinese slavery' in South African mines. Churchill soon became the most prominent member of the Government outside the Cabinet, and when Campbell-Bannerman was succeeded by Herbert Henry Asquith in 1908, it came as little surprise when Churchill was promoted to the Cabinet as President of the Board of Trade. Churchill lost his Manchester seat to the Conservative William Joynson-Hicks but was soon elected in another by-election at Dundee constituency.

In 1910, Churchill was promoted to Home Secretary, where he was to prove somewhat controversial. A famous photograph from the time shows the impetuous Churchill taking personal charge of the January 1911 Sidney Street Siege, peering around a corner to view a gun battle between cornered anarchists and Scots Guards. Churchill denied the fire brigade access, forcing the criminals to choose surrender or death.

1910 also saw Churchill preventing the army being used to deal with a dispute at the Cambrian Colliery mine in Tonypandy. Initially, Churchill blocked the use of troops fearing a repeat of the 1887 'bloody Sunday' in Trafalgar Square. Nevertheless, troops were deployed to protect the mines and to avoid riots when thirteen strikers were tried for minor offences, an action that broke the tradition of not involving the military in civil affairs and led to lingering dislike for Churchill in Wales.

In 1911, Churchill became First Lord of the Admiralty, a post he would hold into World War I. The tank was deployed too early and in too few numbers, much to Churchill's annoyance.

In 1915, Churchill was one of the political and military engineers of the disastrous Gallipoli landings on the Dardanelles during World War I. Churchill took much of the blame for the fiasco, and, when Prime Minister Asquith formed an all-party coalition government, the Conservatives demanded Churchill's demotion as the price for entry. For several months Churchill served in the sinecure of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, before resigning from the government, feeling his energies were not being used. The time was thought not yet right to risk the Conservatives' wrath by bringing Churchill back into government. However, in July 1917, Churchill was appointed Minister of Munitions. Churchill was a staunch advocate of foreign intervention, declaring that Bolshevism must be "strangled in its cradle". In 1920, after the last British forces had been withdrawn, Churchill was instrumental in having arms sent to the Poles when they invaded Ukraine. Churchill always disliked Éamon de Valera, the Sinn Féin leader. Notably, Churchill saw that Germany may still have been a threat, and engineered the Irish Free State agreement to include three ports effectively owned by the British Navy, which would have extended the range of anti-submarine patrols into the Atlantic.

Career between the wars

In 1920, as Secretary for War and Air, Churchill had responsibility for quelling the rebellion of Kurds and Arabs in British-occupied Iraq, which he achieved by authorising the use of poison gas. At the time he wrote, "I am strongly in favour of using poison gas against uncivilised tribes" - although Churchill's intention was 'to cause disablement of some kind but not death'.

In October 1922, Churchill underwent an operation to remove his appendix. The Liberal Party was now beset by internal division and Churchill's campaign was weak.

Churchill stood for the Liberals again in the 1923 general election, losing in Leicester, but over the next few months he moved towards the Conservative Party in all but name. Churchill later regarded this as one of the worst decisions of his life;

During the General Strike of 1926, Churchill was reported to have suggested that machine guns be used on the striking miners. Churchill edited the Government's newspaper, the British Gazette, and, during the dispute, he argued that "either the country will break the General Strike, or the General Strike will break the country." At one point, Churchill went as far as to call Mussolini the "Roman genius ... In the next two years, Churchill became estranged from the Conservative leadership over the issues of protective tariffs and Indian Home Rule, which he bitterly opposed. When Ramsay MacDonald formed the National Government in 1931, Churchill was not invited to join the Cabinet. He spent much of the next few years concentrating on his writing, including Marlborough: His Life and Times — a biography of his ancestor John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough — and A History of the English Speaking Peoples (which was not published until well after World War II). Churchill was a fierce critic of Neville Chamberlain's appeasement of Hitler, leading the wing of the Conservative Party that opposed the Munich Agreement which Chamberlain famously declared to mean "peace in our time". However, this did not happen, and Churchill found himself politically isolated and bruised for some time after this.

Role as wartime Prime Minister

At the outbreak of the Second World War Churchill--after a brief offer by Chamberlain to appoint him as a minister without portfolio--was appointed First Lord of the Admiralty and a member of the War Cabinet, just as he was in the first part of the First World War. Churchill advocated the pre-emptive occupation of the neutral Norwegian iron-ore port of Narvik and the iron mines in Kiruna, Sweden, early in the War.

On 10 May 1940, hours before the German invasion of France by a surprising lightning advance through the Low Countries, it became clear that, following failure in Norway and general incompetence, the country had no confidence in Chamberlain's prosecution of the war and so Chamberlain resigned. A meeting with the other two party leaders led to the recommendation of Churchill, and, as a constitutional monarch, George VI asked Churchill to be Prime Minister and to form an all-party government. Churchill, breaking with tradition, did not send Chamberlain a message expressing regret over his resignation.

Churchill's greatest achievement was that he refused to capitulate when defeat by Germany was a strong possibility and he remained a strong opponent of any negotiations with Germany. By adopting this policy, Churchill maintained Britain as a base from which the Allies could attack Germany, thereby ensuring that the Soviet sphere of influence did not also extend over Western Europe at the end of the war.

In response to previous criticisms that there had been no clear single minister in charge of the prosecution of the war, Churchill created and took the additional position of Minister of Defence.

Churchill's speeches were a great inspiration to the embattled British. As most people were saying it was the beginning of the end, Churchill famously said

"This is not the end. It was for this reason that Churchill was relieved when Roosevelt was re-elected in 1940. Churchill had 12 strategic conferences with Roosevelt which covered the Atlantic Charter, Europe first strategy, the Declaration by the United Nations and other war policies. Churchill initiated the Special Operations Executive (SOE) under Hugh Dalton's Ministry of Economic Warfare, which established, conducted and fostered covert, subversive and partisan operations in occupied territories with notable success;

Churchill's health suffered, as shown by a mild heart attack he suffered in December 1941 at the White House and also in December 1943 when he contracted pneumonia.

Churchill was party to treaties that would redraw post-World War II European and Asian boundaries. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin at Potsdam. Churchill was convinced that the only way to alleviate tensions between the two populations was the transfer of people, to match the national borders. Churchill opposed the effective annexation of Poland by the Soviet Union and wrote bitterly about it in his books, but he was unable to prevent it at the conferences. Churchill wrote on a scrap of paper that Stalin had a 90 percent "interest" in Romania, Britain a 90 percent "interest" in Greece, both Russia and Britain a 50 percent interest in Yugoslavia. When they got to Italy, Stalin ceded that country to Churchill.

After World War II

Although the importance of Churchill's role in World War II was undeniable, he had many enemies in his own country. Immediately following the close of the war in Europe, Churchill was heavily defeated in the 1945 election by Clement Attlee and the Labour Party. Others see the election result as a reaction not against Churchill personally, but against the Conservative Party's record in the 1930s under Baldwin and Chamberlain.

Winston Churchill was an early supporter of the pan-Europeanism that eventually led to the formation of the European Common Market and later the European Union (for which one of the three main buildings of the European Parliament is named in his honour). Churchill was also instrumental in giving France a permanent seat on the United Nations Security Council (which provided another European power to counterbalance the Soviet Union's permanent seat). Churchill also occasionally made comments supportive of world government. The term entered the public consciousness after a speech given on 5 March 1946 at Westminster College in Fulton, Missouri, when Churchill, a guest of Harry S. Truman, famously declared:

Second term

Churchill was restless and bored as leader of the Conservative opposition in the immediate post-war years. After Labour's defeat in the General Election of 1951, Churchill again became Prime Minister. Being a strong proponent of Britain as an international power, Churchill would often meet such moments with direct action. Churchill's strategy was to use a military stick combined with implementing many of the concessions that Attlee's government had blocked in 1951. Churchill ordered peace talks opened, but these collapsed shortly after his leaving office. Once again, Churchill's government inherited a crisis, and once again Churchill chose to use direct military action against those in rebellion while attempting to build an alliance with those who were not. The first elections were held in 1955, just days before Churchill's own resignation, and in 1957, under Prime Minister Anthony Eden, Malaya became independent.

Family and personal life

On 12 September 1908 at the socially desirable St. Margaret's, Westminster, Churchill married Clementine Hozier, a woman whom he met at a dinner party that March (he had proposed to actress Ethel Barrymore but was turned down). Churchill's son Randolph and his grandsons Nicholas Soames and Winston all followed him into Parliament.

When not in London on government business, Churchill usually lived at his beloved Chartwell House in Kent, two miles south of Westerham. His paintings were catalogued after his death by historian David Coombs with the support of the Churchill family. The modern archive of Churchill's art work is managed by designer, Tony Malone who oversees the administration and management of digital catalogue. Anthea Morton Saner and the Churchill Heritage Trust are responsible for all copyrights.

Like many politicians of his age, Churchill was also a member of several English gentlemen's clubs - the Reform Club and the National Liberal Club whilst he was a Liberal MP, and later the Athenaeum, Boodle's, Bucks, and the Carlton Club when he was a Conservative. Despite his multiple memberships, Churchill was not a habitual clubman;

Churchill's fondness for alcoholic beverages was well-documented. The Churchill Centre states that Churchill made a bet with a man with the last name of Rothermere (possibly one of the Viscounts Rothermere) in 1936 that Churchill would be able to successfully abstain from drinking hard liquor for a year; Churchill apparently won the bet. According to William Manchester in The Last Lion, Churchill's favorite whisky was Johnnie Walker Red.

For much of his life, Churchill battled with depression (or perhaps a sub-type of manic-depression), which he called his black dog .

Last days

Aware that he was slowing down both physically and mentally, Churchill retired as Prime Minister in 1955 and was succeeded by Anthony Eden, who had long been his ambitious protégé. (Three years earlier, Eden had married Churchill's niece, Anne Clarissa Spencer-Churchill, his second marriage.) Churchill spent most of his retirement at Chartwell House in Kent, two miles south of Westerham. Kennedy acting under authorization granted by an Act of Congress, proclaimed Churchill the first Honorary Citizen of the United States. Churchill was too ill to attend the White House ceremony, so his son and grandson accepted the award for him.

On 15 January 1965, Churchill suffered another stroke — a severe cerebral thrombosis — that left him gravely ill. The cortege left London from Waterloo station, as Churchill had requested should he predecease De Gaulle.

At Churchill's request, he was buried in the family plot at St Martin Church, Bladon, near Woodstock, not far from his birthplace at Blenheim.

On 9 February 1965, Churchill's estate was probated at 304,044 pounds sterling (equivalent to about £3.8m in 2004).

One of four specially made sets of false teeth, designed to retain Churchill's distinctive style of speech, which Churchill wore throughout his life is now kept in the Hunterian Museum at the Royal College of Surgeons of England.

In 1953, he was awarded two major honours: he was invested as a Knight of the Garter (becoming Sir Winston Churchill, KG) and he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature "for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values".

A stroke in June of that year led to him being paralysed down his left side.

In 1955, after retiring as Prime Minister, Churchill was offered elevation to the peerage in the rank of duke.

In 1956, Churchill received the Karlspreis (known in English as the Charlemagne Award), an award by the German city of Aachen to those who most contribute to the European idea and European peace.

In 1960, Churchill College, Cambridge was established as the national and Commonwealth memorial to Churchill.

Churchill is the tenth most admired person by Americans in the 20th century, according to Gallup. Churchill Auditorium at the Technion is named after him. we shall never surrender"

Churchill as historian

See major article: Winston Churchill as historian

Churchill's Cabinets

Churchill's war cabinet, May 1940 – May 1945

Winston Churchill — Prime Minister, Minister of Defence and Leader of the House of Commons. Neville Chamberlain — Lord President of the Council Clement Attlee — Lord Privy Seal and effective Deputy Leader of the House of Commons. Lord Halifax — Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Arthur Greenwood — Minister without Portfolio

Changes

August 1940: Lord Beaverbrook (a Canadian-British citizen), Minister of Aircraft Production, joins the War Cabinet October 1940: Sir John Anderson succeeds Neville Chamberlain as Lord President. Sir Stafford Cripps succeeds Attlee as Lord Privy Seal and takes over the position of Leader of the House of Commons from Churchill.

Winston Churchill's caretaker cabinet, May – July 1945

Winston Churchill — Prime Minister and Minister of Defence Lord Woolton – Lord President of the Council Lord Beaverbrook — Lord Privy Seal Sir John Anderson — Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir Donald Bradley Somervell — Secretary of State for the Home Department Anthony Eden — Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and Leader of the House of Commons Oliver Stanley — Secretary of State for the Colonies Lord Cranborne — Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs and Leader of the House of Lords Sir P.J. Grigg — Secretary of State for War Leo Amery — Secretary of State for India and Burma Lord Rosebery — Secretary of State for Scotland Harold Macmillan — Secretary of State for Air Brendan Bracken — First Lord of the Admiralty Oliver Lyttelton — President of the Board of Trade and Minister of Production Robert Hudson — Minister of Agriculture Rab Butler — Minister of Labour

Winston Churchill's third cabinet, October 1951 – April 1955

Winston Churchill — Prime Minister and Minister of Defence Lord Simonds — Lord Chancellor Lord Woolton — Lord President of the Council Lord Salisbury — Lord Privy Seal and Leader of the House of Lords Rab Butler — Chancellor of the Exchequer Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe — Secretary of State for the Home Department Anthony Eden — Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs Oliver Lyttelton — Secretary of State for the Colonies Lord Ismay — Secretary of State for Commonwealth Relations James Stuart — Secretary of State for Scotland Peter Thorneycroft — President of the Board of Trade Lord Cherwell — Paymaster-General Sir Walter Monckton — Minister of Labour Harry Crookshank — Minister of Health and Leader of the House of Commons Harold Macmillan — Minister of Housing and Local Government Lord Leathers — Minister for the Co-ordination of Transport, Fuel, and Power

Changes

March 1952: Lord Salisbury succeeds Lord Ismay as Commonwealth Relations Secretary. Lord Alexander of Tunis succeeds Churchill as Minister of Defence. on World War I Churchill, Winston. Churchill: Companion 15 vol (14,000 pages) of Churchill and other official and unofficial documents. (2 vol entitled The Churchill War Papers); (not published, 3 volumes anticipated, See the editor's memoir, Martin Gilbert, In Search of Churchill: A Historian's Journey, (1994). Churchill: His Complete Speeches, 1897-1963. 8 vols. Sir Winston Churchill, His life through his paintings, David Coombs, Pegasus, 2003 Quotations database, World Beyond Borders. The Oxford Dictionary of 20th century Quotations by Oxford University Press (ISBN 0-19-860103-4)

Speeches

http://www.churchill-speeches.com/ Audio of Churchill's "finest hour" speech Timeline of the Spencer-Churchill family

Offices

Parliament of the United Kingdom
Preceded by: Walter Runciman	Member for Oldham 1900–1906	Succeeded by: John Albert Bright
Preceded by: Sir William Houldsworth	Member for Manchester North-West 1906–1908	Succeeded by: William Joynson-Hicks
Preceded by: Alexander Wilkie	Member for Dundee 1908–1922	Succeeded by: Edmund Morel
Preceded by: Sir Charles Lyle	Member for Epping 1924–1945	Succeeded by: Leah Manning
Preceded by: –	Member for Woodford 1945–1964	Succeeded by: Patrick Jenkin
Political Offices
Preceded by: David Lloyd George	President of the Board of Trade 1908–1910	Succeeded by: Sydney Buxton
Preceded by: Herbert Gladstone	Home Secretary 1910–1911	Succeeded by: Reginald McKenna
Preceded by: Reginald McKenna	First Lord of the Admiralty 1911–1915	Succeeded by: Arthur Balfour
Preceded by: Edwin Samuel Montagu	Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster 1915	Succeeded by: Herbert Samuel
Preceded by: Christopher Addison	Minister of Munitions 1917–1919	Succeeded by: The Lord Inverforth
Preceded by: The Viscount Milner	Secretary of State for War 1919–1921	Succeeded by: Sir Laming Worthington-Evans
Preceded by: The Lord Weir	Secretary of State for Air 1919–1921	Succeeded by: Frederick Edward Guest
Preceded by: The Viscount Milner	Secretary of State for the Colonies 1921–1922	Succeeded by: The Duke of Devonshire
Preceded by: Philip Snowden	Chancellor of the Exchequer 1924–1929	Succeeded by: Philip Snowden
Preceded by: The Earl Stanhope	First Lord of the Admiralty 1939–1940	Succeeded by: A. Alexander
Preceded by: Neville Chamberlain	Leader of the House of Commons 1940–1942	Succeeded by: Sir Stafford Cripps
	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1940–1945	Succeeded by: Clement Attlee
Preceded by: —	Minister of Defence 1940–1945
Preceded by: Neville Chamberlain	Leader of the British Conservative Party 1940–1955	Succeeded by: Sir Anthony Eden
Preceded by: Clement Attlee	Leader of the Opposition 1945–1951	Succeeded by: Clement Attlee
Preceded by: Clement Attlee	Prime Minister of the United Kingdom 1951–1955	Succeeded by: Sir Anthony Eden
Preceded by: Emanuel Shinwell	Minister of Defence 1951–1952	Succeeded by: The Earl Alexander of Tunis
Preceded by: David Grenfell	Father of the House 1959–1964	Succeeded by: Rab Butler
Honorary Titles
Preceded by: The Marquess of Willingdon	Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports 1941–1965	Succeeded by: Sir Robert Menzies
Academic Offices
Preceded by: The Viscount Haldane of Cloan	Chancellor of the University of Bristol	Succeeded by: The Duke of Beaufort

Prime Ministers of the United Kingdom

Walpole, Wilmington, Pelham, Newcastle, Devonshire, Newcastle, Bute, G Grenville, Rockingham, Chatham (Pitt the Elder), Grafton, North, Rockingham, Shelburne, Portland, Pitt the Younger, Addington, Pitt the Younger, W Grenville, Portland, Perceval, Liverpool, Canning, Goderich, Wellington, Grey, Melbourne, Peel, Melbourne, Peel, Russell, Derby, Aberdeen, Palmerston, Derby, Palmerston, Russell, Derby, Disraeli, Gladstone, Disraeli, Gladstone, Salisbury, Gladstone, Salisbury, Gladstone, Rosebery, Salisbury, Balfour, Campbell-Bannerman, Asquith, Lloyd George, Bonar Law, Baldwin, MacDonald, Baldwin, MacDonald, Baldwin, Chamberlain, Churchill, Attlee, Churchill, Eden, Macmillan, Douglas-Home, Wilson, Heath, Wilson, Callaghan, Thatcher, Major, Blair

Chancellors of the Exchequer

Baker, Mildmay, Fortescue, Home, Caesar, Greville, Portland, Newburgh, Cottington, Colepeper, Clarendon, Shaftesbury, Duncombe, Ernle, Booth, Hampden, Montagu, Smith, Boyle, Smith, Harley, Benson, Wyndham, Onslow, Walpole, Stanhope, Aislabie, Pratt, Walpole, Sandys, Pelham, Lee, Bilson Legge, Lyttelton, Bilson Legge, Mansfield, Bilson Legge, Barrington, Dashwood, Grenville, Dowdeswell, Townshend, North, Cavendish, Pitt, Cavendish, Pitt, Addington, Pitt, Petty, Perceval, Vansittart, Robinson, Canning, Abbott, Herries, Goulburn, Althorp, Denman, Peel, Monteagle, Baring, Goulburn, C Wood, Disraeli, Gladstone, Lewis, Disraeli, Gladstone, Disraeli, Hunt, Lowe, Gladstone, Northcote, Gladstone, Childers, Hicks Beach, Harcourt, R Churchill, Goschen, Harcourt, Hicks Beach, Ritchie, A Chamberlain, Asquith, Lloyd George, McKenna, Bonar Law, A Chamberlain, Horne, Baldwin, N Chamberlain, Snowden, W Churchill, Snowden, N Chamberlain, Simon, K Wood, Anderson, Dalton, Cripps, Gaitskell, Butler, Macmillan, Thorneycroft, Heathcoat-Amory, Lloyd, Maudling, Callaghan, Jenkins, Macleod, Barber, Healey, Howe, Lawson, Major, Lamont, Clarke, Brown

Leaders of the Conservative Party
The Duke of Wellington, Sir Robert Peel, The Earl of Derby, Benjamin Disraeli, The Marquess of Salisbury, Arthur Balfour, Andrew Bonar Law, Stanley Baldwin, Neville Chamberlain, Winston Churchill, Anthony Eden, Harold Macmillan, Sir Alec Douglas-Home, Edward Heath, Margaret Thatcher, John Major, William Hague, Iain Duncan Smith, Michael Howard, David Cameron

‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. Laureates (2001- )

Persondata
NAME	Churchill, Winston
ALTERNATIVE NAMES	Sir Winston Leonard Spencer-Churchill, The Rt Hon. Sir Winston Churchill
SHORT DESCRIPTION	English statesman and author, best known as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
DATE OF BIRTH	30 November 1874
PLACE OF BIRTH	Blenheim Palace, Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England
DATE OF DEATH	24 January 1965
PLACE OF DEATH	Hyde Park Gate, London, England