The storage of human sperm for long periods in a frozen state, with a view to future use in artificial insemination. In this way young men receiving treatment for malignant disease which may lead to sterility can preserve their procreative ability. Infertile couples may use stored donor spermatozoa, selected as being of above-average quality with regard to motility and numbers.
A sperm bank is a facility that collects and stores human sperm from donors, primarily for the purposes of artificial insemination. There is no shelf life on sperm and there have been cases with birth of healthy babies with sperm stored for more than 20 years.
In the United States sperm banks are regulated by the FDA with new guidelines in effect May 25, 2005.
Using anonymous donor sperm or known donors from a sperm bank is a safe alternative. Donors are constantly tested and monitored and all sperm is stored for a minimum of 6 months without being released for sale to ensure that the donor is healthy.
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