38°05N 46°18E, pop (2000e) 1 373 000. Capital city of Tabriz district, NW Iran; fourth largest city in Iran; often severely damaged by earthquakes; airport; railway; university (1949); industrial and commercial centre; carpets; ruined 15th-c Blue Mosque and citadel.
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تبریز Tabriz, East Azerbaijan, Iran |
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| Nickname: "Chocolate City of Iran" | |
| Location of Tabriz in Iran | |
| Area | |
|---|---|
| - City () | 1,523,085 |
| Time zone | Tehran Time Zone (UTC+3:30) |
| Website: Tabriz, Iran | |
Tabriz (Persian and Azeri: تبریز, Latin script: Təbriz) is the largest city in north-western Iran with a population of 1,523,085 people (2006 est.). After the Turkic invasion of Iran, Tabriz later became the capital of the Ilkhanate empire from about 1270 to 1305, of the Aq Quyunlu dynasty from about 1469 to about 1502, and of the Safavids from 1502-1548.
Violent earthquakes have wiped out most of the historic monuments of Tabriz. One important monument that has survived these earthquakes is the Tabriz Citadel (Ark-e Tabriz or Ark-e Ælishah), a ruin of vertical book-shaped elements. The Blue Mosque of Tabriz (Göy-Mæčid), is another important monument in the city.
Tabriz is where the constitutionalists of Iran was centered during the early 20th century.
Tabriz was captured by Timur in the late 14th century. Tabriz played an important part in the Persian constitutional movement at the beginning of the 20th century.
Historical Timeline
Tabriz has been settled since ancient times. 858: An earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz. 1041: An earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz. 1721: An earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz. 1780: Another earthquake destroys large parts of Tabriz. 1908: Tabriz becomes the centre of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. 1947: Iranian troops take back Tabriz.
The City of Firsts
Many of the manifestation of modern life in Iran, were first appeared in Tabriz. These firsts include:
The first printing house of Iran was founded in Tabriz (1811). The first modern school of Iran was founded in Tabriz by Hassan Roshdiyyeh (1888).The language of instruction was Azeri. The first Iranian special school for deaf children was founded in Tabriz by Jabbar Baghcheban (1924). The first Iranian special school for blind students was founded in Tabriz by a german mission (1926). The first Municipality, city council and city hall in Iran were founded in Tabriz. The first municipal police of Iran was that of Tabriz. Tabriz Chamber of Commerce was the first of its kind founded in Iran (1906). The first coin minting factory in Iran was operating in Tabriz. The first public libraries in the history of modern Iran were founded in Tabriz. The first movie saloon in Iran was founded in Tabriz (1900). The first theater and theatrical group of Iran were founded in Tabriz. The first modern style factories of Iran were founded in Tabriz. Tabriz was the first city in Iran that got a Telephone system ( about 1900). The first Women's association was founded in Tabriz. The first hostel in Iran was founded in Tabriz. The handicrafts in the Bazaar of Tabriz, and in particular the Tabriz rug is famous world-wide, and Tabrizis celebrate many holidays such as Norooz and Ashura in their own distinctive special ways.Tabriz also has a special place in Persian literature, as the following sample of verses from some of Iran's best poets and authors illustrates:
ساربانا بار بگشا ز اشتران
شهر تبريز است و کوی دلبران
Oh Sārbān, have camels' cargo unloaded,
For Tabriz is neighborhood of the beloved.
―Molana
عزیزی در اقصای تبریز بود
که همواره بیدار و شبخیز بود
A beloved lived in Tabriz away from sight,
who was always alert and awake at night
―Bustan of Sadi
تا به تبریزم دو چیزم حاصل است
نیم نان و آب مهران رود و بس
As long as I live in Tabriz, two things I need not worry of,
The half loaf of bread and the water of Mehran-rud are enough!
―Khaqani
Governing system
The city's most responsible person is mayor who is elected by municipal board of the city.
Tabriz City Hall (Saat Tower building) is used as the Municipal central office.
Here is the List of Tabriz Mayors.
Tabriz Monuments
List
Ark-e Tabriz Shrine in Eynali Mountain Goy Masque The Blue Mosque of Tabriz Bazaar of Tabriz Shah-gholi Saheb al Omar Behnam House (Architecture Department) Charm Sazi-e Khosravi (Faculty of Applied Arts) Saied Hamzeh Grave Maqbaratoshoara (Monument and Tomb of Tabriz Poets) Tabriz Constitution House (Museum of Constitution) Saat Tower (Tabriz City Hall) Tabriz Fire Fighting Tower Tabriz Railway Station Kandovan Touristy Village Arasbaran forests.Gallery
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Tabriz City Hall (Saat Tower). |
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An alley in Tabriz Bazaar. |
Shahryar tomb inside the Monuments of the Poets |
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Arg, before revolution. |
View of the renovated Friday Mosque of Tabriz. |
Shabestan of Friday Mosque of Tabriz. |
A sample of Tabriz carpet. |
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Arasbaran forests in the vicinity of Tabriz (Kaleibar county). |
Museums
Azerbaijan Museum Measurement Museum Tabriz Constitution House (Museum of Constitution) Shahryar Literature Museum (House of Late Poet Shahryar)Famous Tabrizis
Samad Behrangi, Famous Children's books writer Sattar khan, nationalist revolutionary leader Baqer khan, nationalist revolutionary Mohammad Khiabani, cleric, a political leader during Iran's constitutionalist revolution Hassan Taghizadeh, mystrious politician, strategist in constitutionalist revolution and former president of Iranian Senate Jafar Pishevari, Azerbayjan autonumus government chairman Kazem Sadegh-Zadeh Qatran Tabrizi, poet Parvin E'tesami, poetess Mohammad Hossein Shahriar, poet Iraj Mirza, poet and famous politician Reza Baraheni, novelist, poet, critic and political activist. Former president of Pen Canada Maqsud Ali Tabrizi Hassan Roshdiyyeh, Founder of the first modern school in Iran Shams Tabrizi, mystic Ali Salimi, musician Ali Soheili, Prime Minister of Iran Ebrahim Hakimi, Prime Minister of Iran Mahmud Jam, Prime Minister of Iran Mir-Hossein Mousavi, the last Prime Minister of Iran, from Khameneh, a suburb of Tabriz Asadi Tusi is buried here Colonel Pesian, military leader Golamhossein Saedi, Writer Faghih Saeid, Seghatoleslam, Nationalist cleric Allameh Jafari, Clric researcher Allameh Tabatabaie, Cleric researcher Ayatolah Seyyed Mohammad Ali Ghazi Tabatabaie , First Adytum Martyr Anousheh Ansari, The first female space tourist, born into a Tabrizi family Dr. H.H.Balazadeh Bahar, scientist, polititian, author, ... Ahmad Kasravi, politician and author Mir Ali Tabrizi, famous calligraphist Ebrahim Hatamikia, distinguished film director, originally Tabrizi Tahmineh Milani, female film director Kamal Tabrizi, film director Jafar Panahi, internationally acclaimed film director, born in Mianeh near Tabriz Googoosh, most popular Iranian female pop singer, spent a part of her childhood in Tabriz Hossein Mousavi-Tabrizi, politician Vartan Gregorian, President of Carnegie Corporation Ivan Galamian Gayk Bzhishkyan Karim Bagheri, soccer star Rasoul Khatibi, socer player Saeb Tabrizi, PoetEducation
Universities
Tabriz University is one of Iran's most prestigious schools of higher education. A list of the universities in the city follows:
Sahand University of Technology Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz University of Tarbiat Moallem University of Tabriz (website) Islamic Azad University of Tabriz Tabriz Islamic Arts University University College of Nabi Akram Payam-e-Noor University of TabrizSchools
Roshdiye School is the first Iranian modern school which is established by Hassan Roshdiyyeh. Currently its building is used as Tabriz branch of National Iranian Documents and Library Office. Memorial School (American School of Tabriz) was opened on 1891 is one of the most famous schools of its type.
Library
Tabriz National Library is the biggest library in Tabriz.
Major Industries
Tabriz is one of Iran's most important industrial cities. Some of the major industrial complexes in the city are listed below:
Machine Sazi-e-Tabriz, producer of machine tools Iran Tractor Manufacturer Company (ITMCO), producer of various types of vehicles Tabriz Petrochemical Complex Tabriz Oil Refinery Complex ANATA (Nejati Industrial Group) Shirin Asal Co. The city is the site of three Iranian major soccer teams:Mashin Sazi Teraktor Sazi Shahrdari
Tabriz also has two stadiums for soccer:
Takhti Stadium (Baghe Shomal), with 20,000 Capacity Yadegare Imam Stadium with 70,000 CapacityMajor Hotels
Hotel Pars Tabriz Grand Hotel Ark Hotel Hotel Darya Azerbaijan HotelSpecial Food
Kufteh Tabrizi is a special food prepared in Tabriz.
Tabriz is also famous for its delicious cookies, some of which are Tabriz specialities, including Ghorabiye, Eris, Nogha and many others.
Transportation
From ancient times Tabriz was known as a transportation center between West and East.
International and Intercity
Currently Tabriz is linked to the world by Sento International Road, Iran Railway and Tabriz International Airport.
Inside City
Tabriz has general bus and taxi systems.
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