Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 73

tambourine - Riq, Buben, Dajre, Dayereh, Daf, Kanjira

A small frame drum fitted with jingles, and covered on one side with parchment or plastic. It may be shaken, tapped with the fingertips, stroked with a moistened thumb, etc to produce various effects, mostly while accompanying dancing.

The tambourine is a musical instrument of the percussion family consisting of a single drumhead mounted on a ring with pairs of small metal jingles. Most tambourines used in western popular music today consist only of the ring and jingles, with no drum head. The tambourine can be held in the hand or mounted on a stand, and can be played in numerous ways, from stroking or shaking the jingles to striking it sharply with hand or stick or using the tambourine to strike the leg or hip. It is found in many forms of music, classical music, Roma music, Persian music, gospel music, pop music and rock and roll.

Riq

The riq (also spelled riqq or rik) is a type of tambourine used as a traditional instrument in Arabic music. It is an important instrument in both folk and classical music throughout the Arabic-speaking world.

Buben

Buben (Бубен in Russian and Ukrainian, bǫ̑bǝn in Slovenian, buben in Czech, bęben in Polish) is a musical instrument of the percussion family similar to a tambourine.

Dajre

A dayereh (or Doyra, Dojra, Dajre, Doira) is a medium-sized frame drum with jingles used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran (Persia), The Balkans, and many Central Asian countries such as Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It is a percussion instrument, and is something intemediate between a drum and a tambourine. Dajre is membrane-phonic instrument with wooden frame, on witch a thin metal plates are attached. Dajre is composed from a wooden frame in a shape of circle, perforated with rectangular holes in which a metal plates are attached. The frame of the Dajre is made from a soft wood in a form of circle. The frame is perforated by rectangular holes in which a pairs of metal plates are attached. The skin is attached on a frame by two ways: by fixing the skin with another wooden frame or by nails. The left hand, which in the same time is holding the Dajre is hitting on the edges and the right hand is hitting in the center. The Dajre is most often used for keeping the rhythm in the Macedonian folk songs and dances, and often even in some traditional Macedonian rituals, like weeding ceremony or Macedonian folk dances.

Dayereh

A dayereh (or Doyra, Dojra, Dajre, Doira) is a medium-sized frame drum with jingles used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran (Persia), The Balkans, and many Central Asian countries such as Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. It is a percussion instrument, and is something intemediate between a drum and a tambourine.

Daf

A daf is a large-sized tambourine used to accompany both popular and classical music in Iran, Azerbaijan,Turkey,Uzbekistan,Turkmenistan and Iranian Kurdistan.

Kanjira

The kanjira or ganjira is a South Indian frame drum of the tambourine family. It is mostly used in Carnatic music concerts (South Indian classical music) as a supporting instrument for the mridangam.

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