The technique of job analysis to discover how tasks are actually carried out; more usually known now as work study or industrial engineering. Its aim is to find the most efficient way of performing a task, both in terms of time and effort, in order to raise productivity. When used as a basis for wage negotiations, it can lead to industrial disputes.
A time and motion study (or time-motion study) is a business efficiency technique combining the Time Study work of Frederick Winslow Taylor with the Motion Study work of Frank and Lillian Gilbreth (best known through the biographical film and book Cheaper by the Dozen).
A time and motion study would be used to reduce the number of motions in performing a task in order to increase productivity.
The Gilbreths developed what they called therbligs ("therblig" being "Gilbreth" spelled backwards, with a slight variation), a classification scheme comprising 17 basic hand motions.
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