tin

Sn (Lat stannum), element 50, melting point 232°C, density 7·3 g/cm³. A white metal in the carbon group of elements, occurring in nature mainly as the oxide (SnO₂), and isolated by reduction with carbon. The metal forms a very strongly adhering oxide coat, and is therefore not corroded easily. Tin is used as a plating for other metals because of its corrosion resistance. Tin compounds are less widely used than the metal. Common oxidation states of tin are +2 and +4.

For other uses, see Tin (disambiguation).

50 indium ← tin → antimony Ge ↑ Sn ↓ Pb Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number	tin, Sn, 50
Chemical series	poor metals
Group, Period, Block	14, 5, p
Appearance	silvery lustrous gray
Atomic mass	118.710(7) g/mol
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d 5p2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 18, 4
Physical properties
Phase	solid
Density (near r.t.)	(white) 7.265 g·cm−3
Density (near r.t.)	(gray) 5.769 g·cm−3
Liquid density at m.p.	6.99 g·cm−3
Melting point	505.08 K (231.93 °C, 449.47 °F)
Boiling point	2875 K (2602 °C, 4716 °F)
Heat of fusion	(white) 7.03 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization	(white) 296.1 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity	(25 °C) (white) 27.112 J·mol
Vapor pressure P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T/K 1497 1657 1855 2107 2438 2893
Atomic properties
Crystal structure	tetragonal
Oxidation states	4, 2 (amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	1.96 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies (more)	1st: 708.6 kJ·mol−1
	2nd: 1411.8 kJ·mol−1
	3rd: 2943.0 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius	145 pm
Atomic radius (calc.)	145 pm
Covalent radius	141 pm
Van der Waals radius	217 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering	no data
Electrical resistivity	(0 °C) 115 nΩ·m
Thermal conductivity	(300 K) 66.8 W·m
Thermal expansion	(25 °C) 22.0 µm·m
Speed of sound (thin rod)	(r.t.) (rolled) 2730  m·s−1
Young's modulus	50 GPa
Shear modulus	18 GPa
Bulk modulus	58 GPa
Poisson ratio	0.36
Mohs hardness	1.5
Brinell hardness	51 MPa
CAS registry number	7440-31-5
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of tin iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP 112Sn 0.97% Sn is stable with 62 neutrons 114Sn 0.65% Sn is stable with 64 neutrons 115Sn 0.34% Sn is stable with 65 neutrons 116Sn 14.54% Sn is stable with 66 neutrons 117Sn 7.68% Sn is stable with 67 neutrons 118Sn 24.23% Sn is stable with 68 neutrons 119Sn 8.59% Sn is stable with 69 neutrons 120Sn 32.59% Sn is stable with 70 neutrons 122Sn 4.63% Sn is stable with 72 neutrons 124Sn 5.79% Sn is stable with 74 neutrons 126Sn syn ~1 E5 y Beta- 0.380 126Sb
References

Tin (IPA: /ˈtɪn/) is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Sn (Latin: stannum) and atomic number 50.