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Togo - History, Geography, Administrative divisions, Economy, Religion, Politics, Culture and sport

Local name République Togolaise (French)

Portions of the summary below have been contributed by Wikipedia.
Official name Republic of Togo, Fr République Togolaise Timezone GMT Area 56 790 km²/21 921 sq mi population total (2002e) 5 286 000 Status Republic Date of independence 1960 Capital Lomé Languages French (official), local languages (Ewe, mostly in S, 47%), Hamitic people in N, mostly Voltaic speaking) Ethnic groups Ewe (35%), Kabyè (22%), Mina (6%), with c.34 other ethnic groups, European and Syrian-Lebanese minorities Religions Traditional animist beliefs (50%), Christian (35%), Muslim (10%) Physical features Located in W Africa; land rises from the lagoon coast of the Gulf of Guinea, past low-lying plains to the Atakora Mts running NE–SW in the N; highest peak, Pic Baumann, 986 m/3235 ft; flat plains in NW; main rivers, Oti, Mono. Climate Tropical, high temperatures and humidity; wet seasons (Mar–Jul, Oct–Nov); single rainy season in N (Jul–Sep); average annual temperature 27°C (Jan), 24°C (Jul) in Lomé; average annual rainfall 875 mm/34 in; dry Saharan Harmattan blows from NE (Oct–Apr). Currency 1 CFA Franc (XAF) = 100 centimes. Economy Largely agricultural economy; coffee, cocoa, cotton, cassava, maize, rice, timber; phosphates, bauxite, limestone, iron ore, marble; cement, steel, oil refining, food processing, crafts, textiles, beverages. GDP (2002e) $7·594 bn, per capita $1400 Human Development Index (2002) 0·493 History Formerly part of the Kingdom of Togoland; German protectorate, 1884–1914; mandate of the League of Nations in 1922, divided between France (French Togo) and Britain (part of British Gold Coast); trusteeships of the United Nations, 1946; French Togo became an autonomous republic within the French Union, 1956; British Togoland voted to join the Gold Coast (Ghana), 1957; independence, 1960; military coups in 1963, 1967; return to civilian rule, 1980; National Conference, 1990, elected an interim Supreme Republican Council to supervise parliamentary elections in 1992; now governed by a president, prime minister, and 81-member National Assembly, elected for five years; constitution amended to allow Faure Gnassingbé to succeed his late father, President Eyadéma (Feb 2005) but international opposition forced his withdrawal; interim president installed pending elections (Apr 2005), Togo Constitutional Court confirmed Gnassingbé as winner.
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République Togolaise
Togolese Republic
Flag Coat of Arms
Motto: "Travail, Liberté, Patrie"  (French)
"Work, Liberty, Homeland"
Anthem: Salut à toi, pays de nos aïeux  (French)
"Hail to thee, land of our forefathers"
Capital Lomé
6°7′N 1°13′E
Largest city Lomé
Official language French
Government Republic
 - President Faure Gnassingbé
 - Prime Minister Yawovi Agboyibo
Independence  
 - from France April 27, 1960 
Area
 - Total 56,785 km² (125th)
21,925 sq mi 
 - Water (%) 4.2
Population
 - July 2005 estimate 6.1 million (102th1)
 - Density 108/km² (93rd2)
280/sq mi
GDP (PPP) 2005 estimate
 - Total $8.965 billion (144th1)
 - Per capita $1,700 (193rd1)
HDI  (2003) 0.512 (medium) (143rd)
Currency CFA franc (XOF)
Time zone GMT (UTC+0)
Internet TLD .tg
Calling code +228
1 Estimates for this country explicitly take into account the effects of excess mortality due to AIDS; Rankings based on 2005 figures CIA World Factbook - Togo
2 Rankings based on 2005 figures (source unknown)

Togo, officially the Togolese Republic, is a country in West Africa bordering Ghana in the west, Benin in the east and Burkina Faso in the north.

History

Western history does not record what happened in Togo before the Portuguese arrived in the late fifteenth century. For the next two hundred years, the coastal region was a major raiding center for Europeans in search of slaves, earning Togo and the surrounding region the name "The Slave Coast."

Gnassingbe Eyadema died in early 2005 after thirty-eight years in power, as Africa's longest sitting dictator.

Geography

Togo is a small, thin sub-Saharan nation.

In the north the land is characterized by a gently rolling savannah in contrast to the center of the country, which is characterized by hills. The land size is 21,925 square miles (56,785 km²), with an average population density of 253 people per square mile (98/km²).in 1914 it changed from togoland to togo

Administrative divisions

Togo is divided into five regions, which are subdivided in turn into twenty-three prefectures.

Economy

Togo's small sub-Saharan economy is heavily dependent on both commercial and subsistence agriculture, which provides employment for 65% of the labor force.

Togo serves as a regional commercial and trade center.

Religion

According to the CIA Factbook, 51% of the Togolese people follow indigenous African beliefs.

In addition to following local animist beliefs, most people identify themselves as either Christian or Muslim.

Politics

Togo's transition to democracy is stalled. President Eyadéma, who ruled Togo under a one-party system for nearly twenty-five of his thirty-seven years in power, died of a heart attack on February 5, 2005. The constitution of Togo declared that in the case of the president's death, the speaker of Parliament takes his place, and has sixty days to call new elections.

The African Union described the takeover as a military coup d'état. On April 24, 2005, Gnassingbé was elected president of Togo, receiving over 60% of the vote according to official results.

Current political situation

On May 3, 2005, Gnassingbé was sworn in as the new president garnering 60% of the vote according to official results. The Nigerian president and Chair of the AU, Olusẹgun Ọbasanjọ, has sought to negotiate between the incumbent government and the opposition to establish a coalition government, but rejected an AU Commission appointment of former Zambian president, Kenneth Kaunda, as special AU envoy to Togo ( and ).

As of April 2006 reconciliation talks between the government and the opposition are in progress;

Culture and sport

See also: Music of Togo

Togo's culture reflects the influences of its thirty-seven tribal ethnic groups, the largest and most influential of which are the Ewe, Mina, and Kabre.

Football

As in much of Africa, football is the most popular sporting pursuit. Until 2006, Togo was very much a minor force in world football, but like fellow West African nations such as Senegal, Nigeria and Cameroon before them, the Togolese national team finally qualified for the World Cup. Photo of the team

Togo's 2006 World Cup appearance was marred by a dispute over financial bonuses, a situation that almost led to the team boycotting their match against Switzerland.

Lists

List of former German colonies List of Togo-related topics List of writers from Togo
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