Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 77

Uralic languages - Bibliography

A family of languages descended from an ancestor spoken in the region of the N Ural Mts over 7000 years ago. Although some have been written since the 13th-c, Uralic languages are now in decline, largely because of the propagation of Russian in their place. The major languages are Finnish, Estonian, and Lapp, with an isolated member, Magyar, in Hungary. Numerous minor languages are scattered through N Russia.

English Proto-Uralic Finnish Estonian North Sami Erzya Mari Komi Khanty Mansi Hungarian Nenets
fire *tuli tuli tuli dolla tol tul tyl- - - - tu
fish *kala kala kala guolli kal kol - kul kul hal xalya
nest *pesä pesä pesa beassi pize pəžaš poz pel pit'ii fészek pyidya
hand, arm *käti käsi käsi giehta ked´ kit ki köt kaat kéz -
eye *śilmä silmä silm čalbmi śel´me šinča śin sem sam szem sæw°
fathom *süli syli süli salla sel´ šülö syl Löl täl öl tyíbya
vein / sinew *sïxni suoni soon suotna san šün sën Lan taan ín 'sinew, tendon' te'
bone *luwi luu luu - lovaža lu ly loγ luw - le
liver *mïksa maksa maks - makso mokš mus muγəl maat máj mud°
urine *kunśi kusi kusi gožža - kəž kudź kos- końć- húgy -
to go *meni- mennä minema mannat - mija- mun- mən- men- megy myin-
to live *elä- elää elama eallit il'e- ila- ol- - - él yilye-
to die *kaxli- kuolla - - kulo- kola- kul- kol- kool- hal xa-
to wash *mośki- - mõskma - muśke- muška- myśky- - - mos masø-

Bibliography

Abondolo, Daniel (ed., 1998), The Uralic Languages, London and New York, ISBN 0-415-08198-X.

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