Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 80

William Hazlitt - Childhood, Adulthood, Works, Quotes

Essayist, born in Maidstone, Kent, SE England, UK. The son of a Unitarian minister, he took up painting, but was encouraged by Coleridge to write Principles of Human Action (1805), and further essays followed. In 1812 he found employment in London as a journalist, and also contributed to the Edinburgh Review (1814–20), proving himself to be a deadly controversialist, and a master of epigram, invective, and irony. His best-known essay collections are Table Talk (1821) and The Spirit of the Age (1825).

William Hazlitt (10 April 1778 – 18 September 1830) was an English writer remembered for his humanistic essays and literary criticism, often esteemed the greatest English literary critic after Samuel Johnson. Indeed, Hazlitt's writings and remarks on Shakespeare's plays and characters are rivaled only by those of Johnson in their depth, insight, originality, and imagination.

Hazlitt came of Irish Protestant stock, and of a branch of it which moved in the reign of George I from the county of Antrim to Tipperary.

Childhood

William, the youngest of these, was born in Mitre Lane, Maidstone. and from Bandon in 1783 to America, where Mr. Hazlitt preached, lectured, and founded the First Unitarian Church at Boston. William, aged eight – a child out of whose recollection all memories of Bandon and of America (save the taste of barberries) soon faded – took his education at home and at a local school. He stayed there for only a year, but shortly after returning home, he decided to become a painter, a decision inspired somewhat by his brother's career. He alternated between writer and painter, proving himself proficient in both fields, until finally he decided the rewards of painting – monetarily and mentally – were outweighed by those of writing and he left it behind as a career.

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Adulthood

In 1798 Hazlitt was introduced to Samuel Taylor Coleridge and William Wordsworth. He became friendly with Charles and Mary Lamb, and in 1808 he married Sarah Stoddart, who was a friend of Mary's, and brother of John Stoddart, editor of The Times. They lived at Winterslow in Salisbury, but after three years he left her and began a journalistic career, writing for the Morning Chronicle, Edinburgh Review, The Times, etc. He published several volumes of essays, including The Round Table and Characters of Shakespear's Plays, both in 1817. His best-known work is The Spirit of the Age (1825), a collection of portraits of his contemporaries, including Lamb, Coleridge, Wordsworth, Lord Byron, Jeremy Bentham, and Sir Walter Scott.

Famous for never losing his revolutionary principles, Hazlitt attacked those he saw as 'apostates' with the most rigour, seeing their move towards conservatism as a personal betrayal. He admired the poetry of Coleridge and Wordsworth (he continued to quote especially Wordsworth's poetry long after he had broken off friendly contact with either);

Hazlitt put forward radical political thinking which was proto-socialist and well ahead of his time and was a strong supporter of Napoleon Bonaparte, writing a four-volume biography of him. He had his admirers, but was so against the institutions of the time that he became further and further disillusioned and removed from public life.

Works

An Essay on the Principles of Human Action (1805) Lectures on the Literature of the Age of Elizabeth and Characters of Shakespear's Plays (1817) Lectures on the English Poets (1818) Lectures on the English Comic Writers (1819) The Spirit of the Age (1825) On The Pleasure of Hating (c.1826)

Quotes

The love of liberty is the love of others; He cries long life to the conqueror, and is ever strong upon the stronger side – the side of corruption and prerogative. Hazlitt writes about Samuel Taylor Coleridge "I had no notion then that I should ever be able to express my admiration to others in motley imagery or quaint allusion, till the light of his genius shone into my soul, like the sun's rays glittering in the puddles of the road. but now, bursting from the deadly bands that 'bound them, 'With Styx nine times round them,' "my ideas float on winged words, and as they expand their plumes, catch the golden light of other years.

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