Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 11

bromine

Br, element 35, freezing point ?7°C, boiling point 58·8°C. A corrosive brown liquid containing diatomic molecules (Br2) with an unpleasant and irritating odour. In nature, it does not occur as the free element, and is mainly extracted from brines containing its salts. In its compounds, it shows oxidation states ±1, +3, +5, and +7. Its main uses are in 1,2-dibromoethane, a petrol adduct, and silver bromide, used in photographic emulsions.

Portions of the summary below have been contributed by Wikipedia.
35 selenium ← bromine → krypton
Cl

Br

I
Periodic Table - Extended Periodic Table
General
Name, Symbol, Number bromine, Br, 35
Chemical series halogens
Group, Period, Block 17, 4, p
Appearance gas/liquid: red-brown
solid: metallic luster
Atomic mass 79.904(1) g/mol
Electron configuration [Ar] 3d 4p5
Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 7
Physical properties
Phase liquid
Density (near r.t.) (liquid) 3.1028 g·cm−3
Melting point 265.8 K
(-7.3 °C, 19 °F)
Boiling point 332.0 K
(58.8 °C, 137.8 °F)
Critical point 588 K, 10.34 MPa
Heat of fusion (Br2) 10.57 kJ·mol−1
Heat of vaporization (Br2) 29.96 kJ·mol−1
Heat capacity (25 °C) (Br2)
75.69 J·mol
Vapor pressure
P/Pa 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k
at T/K 185 201 220 244 276 332
Atomic properties
Crystal structure orthorhombic
Oxidation states ±1, 5
(strongly acidic oxide)
Electronegativity 2.96 (Pauling scale)
Ionization energies
(more)
1st: 1139.9 kJ·mol−1
2nd: 2103 kJ·mol−1
3rd: 3470 kJ·mol−1
Atomic radius 115 pm
Atomic radius (calc.) 94 pm
Covalent radius 114 pm
Van der Waals radius 185 pm
Miscellaneous
Magnetic ordering nonmagnetic
Electrical resistivity (20 °C) 7.8×1010 Ω·m
Thermal conductivity (300 K) 0.122 W·m
Speed of sound (20 °C) ? 206 m/s
CAS registry number 7726-95-6
Selected isotopes
Main article: Isotopes of bromine
iso NA half-life DM DE (MeV) DP
79Br 50.69% Br is stable with 44 neutrons
81Br 49.31% Br is stable with 46 neutrons
References

Bromine (IPA: /ˈbrəʊmiːn/, Greek: βρωμος, brómos, meaning "stench"), is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Br and atomic number 35.

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