Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 14

celesta - History, Works featuring the celesta

A musical instrument resembling a small upright piano, but with metal plates instead of strings and a shorter (five-octave) compass. It was invented in 1886 by French instrument maker Auguste Mustel (1842–1919) and used a few years later by Tchaikovsky in his ballet The Nutcracker (‘Dance of the Sugar Plum Fairy’).

The sound of the celesta is akin to that of the glockenspiel, but with a much softer timbre.

The celesta is a transposing instrument, sounding one octave higher than written. Interestingly the standard French four-octave instrument is now gradually being replaced in symphony orchestras by a larger, five-octave German model.

History

The celesta was invented in 1889 by the Parisian harmonium builder Auguste Mustel.

Pyotr Tchaikovsky is cited as the first to use this instrument in a symphonic work for full orchestra; it appears in his last symphonic poem The Voyevoda (premiered 1891) and in passages from his last ballet The Nutcracker (1892) -- most notably the "Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy." Ernest Chausson preceded him by employing the celesta in his incidental music for La tempête in 1888, written for a small orchestra.

Works featuring the celesta

Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Dance of the Sugarplum Fairy, from The Nutcracker (1892) Richard Strauss: Der Rosenkavalier (1911) Maurice Ravel: Daphnis et Chloé (1912) Gustav Holst: Venus and Neptune, from The Planets (1917) Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 2 (1933) Béla Bartók: Music for Strings, Percussion and Celesta (1937) Olivier Messian: Turangalila Symphony (1949) Sergei Prokofiev: Symphony No. 6 and Symphony-Concerto for Cello and Orchestra Dmitri Shostakovich: Symphony No. 4 Symphony No. 1 Thelonious Monk: Pannonica, from Brilliant Corners (1957) Buddy Holly: Everyday (1958) The Velvet Underground: "Sunday Morning", from The Velvet Underground and Nico (1967) Nick Drake: "Northern Sky", from "Bryter Layter" (1970) The Stooges: Penetration from Raw Power (1973) John Williams: Hedwig's Theme, from Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone (2001) Augustus Pablo: Celesta King The Polyphonic Spree: Hold Me Now, Lithium (Nirvana cover) Eels: Flyswatter from Daisies of the Galaxy (2000); Mother Heroic from Family Tree (2002) Sigur Rós: Sé Lest and Heysátan from Takk (2005) Death Cab for Cutie: Title and Registration from Transatlanticism (2003) Jonathan Dove: "Flight" (opera) 1998

User Comments Add a comment…

celestial equator [next] [back] celery - Etymology, Cultivation and uses, Allergies from celery and celeriac, History, Trivia