classicism - In the theatre, In architecture and landscaping, In the fine arts, In literature and poetry

An adherence, in any period, to the standards of Greek and Roman art, traditionally understood in terms of ‘correct’ proportions of the figure, dignified poses and gestures (as in Raphael, Poussin), but also powerful expression of feeling (as in Donatello, David). The French Academy in the 17th-c laid down elaborate rules, and in the mid-18th-c Winckelmann stressed the importance of ‘noble simplicity and calm grandeur’. In Western art the pendulum seems to swing between ‘classical’ and ‘non-classical’ (eg Gothic, Mannerist, Baroque, Romantic), although in certain periods a tension between the two is maintained. In literature, classicism is associated especially with Latin poets such as Horace and Virgil. It implies the skilful imitation and adaptation of permanent forms and themes, rather than new departures and ‘originality’.

Classicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicist seeks to emulate.

In the theatre

Classicism in the theatre was developed by 17th century French playwrights from what they judged to be the rules of Greek classical theatre, including Aristotle's Classical unities of time, place and action.

Examples of classicist playwrights:

Pierre Corneille Jean Racine

Victor Hugo was among the first French playwrights to break these conventions.

In architecture and landscaping

In the fine arts

Classical Art

In literature and poetry

See: Classical Literature