Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 17

Colorado - Geography, History, Demographics, Transportation, Law and government, Cities and towns, Education, Professional sports teams, Further reading

pop (2000e) 4 301 000; area 269 585 km²/104 091 sq mi. State in WC USA, divided into 63 counties; the ‘Centennial State’; E part included in the Louisiana Purchase, 1803; W part gained from Mexico by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, 1848; settlement expanded after the gold strike of 1858; became a territory, 1861; joined the Union as the 38th state, 1876; contains the Ute Indian reservation (SW); capital, Denver; other chief cities, Colorado Springs, Aurora, Lakewood, Pueblo; rivers include the Colorado, Arkansas, Rio Grande, S Platte; Rocky Mts run N–S through the centre, divided into several ranges (Front Range, Sangre de Cristo Mts, Park Range, Sawatch Mts, San Juan Mts); over 50 peaks above 4000 m/13 000 ft; highest point Mt Elbert (4399 m/14 432 ft); forms part of the High Plains in the E, the centre of cattle and sheep ranching; the Colorado Plateau (W) has many canyons cut by the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers; several notable national parks and monuments (Rocky Mountain National Park, Dinosaur National Monument, Great Sand Dunes National Monument); wheat, hay, corn, sugar-beet, livestock; food processing, printing and publishing, electrical and transportation equipment, defence industries, fabricated metals, chemicals; lumber, stone, clay, and glass products; oil, coal, uranium; world's largest deposits of molybdenum; growing tourist industry.

For other uses, see Colorado (disambiguation). State of Colorado
Flag of Colorado Seal of Colorado
Nickname(s): The Centennial State
Motto(s): Nil sine numine
Official language(s) English
Capital Denver
Largest city Denver
Area  Ranked 8th
 - Total 104,185 sq mi
(269,837 km²)
 - Width 280 miles (451 km)
 - Length 380 miles (612 km)
 - % water 0.36
 - Latitude 37°N to 41°N
 - Longitude 102°W to 109°W
Population  Ranked 22nd
 - Total (2000) 4,301,261
 - Density 41.5/sq mi 
16.01/km² (37th)
 - Median income  $51,022 (10th)
Elevation  
 - Highest point Mount Elbert
14,433 ft  (4,402 m)
 - Mean 6,800 ft  (2,100 m)
 - Lowest point Arikaree River
3,315 ft  (1,011 m)
Admission to Union  August 1, 1876 (38th)
Governor Bill Owens (R)
U.S. Senators Wayne Allard (R)
Ken Salazar (D)
Time zone Mountain: UTC-7/DST-6
Abbreviations CO US-CO
Web site www.colorado.gov

Colorado is a state in the western United States.

Geography

Colorado is one of only three states (the others are Wyoming and Utah) that have only lines of latitude and longitude for borders.

East of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains are the Colorado Eastern Plains, the section of the Great Plains within Colorado at elevations ranging from 3,500 to 7,000 feet (1,000 to 2,000 m). The mountains are timbered with conifers and aspen to the tree-line, at an elevation of about 12,000 feet (4,000 m) in southern Colorado to about 10,500 feet (3,200 m) in northern Colorado; The Colorado Mineral Belt, stretching from the San Juan Mountains in the southwest to Boulder and Central City on the front range, contains most of the historic gold- and silver-mining districts of Colorado.

See also: List of Colorado counties, List of Colorado rivers, and List of Colorado National Parks

Climate

The climate of Colorado is best described as being cool and dry compared to the rest of the United States. A main climatic division in Colorado occurs where the Rocky Mountains begin with the Front Range cities and the plains to the east, the Mountains and valleys to the west, and the foothills as a transitional zone in between the two.

History

Colorado state insignia
Common to nearly all states
Motto Nil sine numine (Latin, "Nothing without Providence")
Slogan none
Bird Lark Bunting
Animal Rocky Mountain bighorn sheep
Fish Greenback cutthroat trout
Insect Colorado Hairstreak Butterfly
Flower Rocky Mountain Columbine
Tree Colorado Spruce or Blue Spruce
Song "Where the Columbines Grow"
Quarter
Released in 2006
Less common
Grass Blue grama
Dance Square dance
Fossil Stegosaurus
Gemstone Aquamarine
Mineral Rhodochrosite
Rock Yule Marble
Tartan to be added

The word "Colorado" was selected by Congress in 1861 as the name for the Colorado Territory that is today a state. It is named after the Colorado River (Río Colorado), itself named after its reddish-brown color.

The territory that ultimately became Colorado was added to the United States by the 1803 Louisiana Purchase and the 1848 Mexican Cession.

Demographics

The state's capital and largest city is Denver, Colorado;

Demographics of Colorado (csv)
By race White Black AIAN Asian NHPI
AIAN is American Indian or Alaskan Native   NHPI is Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander
2000 (total population) 92.23% 4.55% 1.91% 2.84% 0.25%
2000 (hispanic only) 16.20% 0.37% 0.64% 0.14% 0.05%
2005 (total population) 91.91% 4.74% 1.83% 3.19% 0.26%
2005 (hispanic only) 18.46% 0.48% 0.61% 0.18% 0.06%
Growth 2000-2005 (total population) 8.09% 13.03% 3.85% 22.08% 15.47%
Growth 2000-2005 (non-hispanic only) 4.78% 10.67% 3.75% 21.14% 11.70%
Growth 2000-2005 (hispanic only) 23.60% 39.64% 4.05% 40.04% 29.23%

Colorado has one of the highest proportions of Hispanic residents of any U.S. state;

Religion

Christian – 75% Protestant – 48% Baptist – 9% Methodist – 5% Lutheran – 5% Episcopal – 3% Presbyterian – 3% Other Protestant or general Protestant – 23% Roman Catholic – 24% Latter-Day Saint (Mormon) – 2% Other Christian – 1% Jewish – 2% Other Religions – 1% Non-Religious/Atheist/Agnostic – 22%

Colorado - specifically the city of Colorado Springs— serves as the headquarters of numerous Christian groups, most of them Protestant.

The federal government is also a major economic force in the state with many important federal facilities including NORAD and the United States Air Force Academy in Colorado Springs; Unlike most states, which calculate taxes based on federal adjusted gross income, Colorado taxes are based on taxable income - income after federal exemptions and federal itemized (or standard) deductions.

Transportation

Interstate 25 Interstate 70 Interstate 76 U.S. Route 6 U.S. Route 24 U.S. Route 34 U.S. Route 36 U.S. Route 40 U.S. Route 50 U.S. Route 85 U.S. Route 87 U.S. Route 285

License Plate Numbering

"$" is a symbol or picture

123-ABC (Most Common) 123456A (Temporary Plates) ABC-123 A1B2345 ABC1234 $123456A 12345AB A1B2345 $123A45 (Fleet Vehicles) $12345 (Handicap Plate - Symbol is a Wheelchair) A1B234 $12A34 (Collector Plates - Symbol is a classic car) 1234-AA 1A2-345 1AB-234

Law and government

Presidential elections results
Year Republican Democratic
2004 51.69% 1,101,255 47.02% 1,001,732
2000 50.75% 883,745 42.39% 738,227
1996 45.80% 691,848 44.43% 671,152
1992 35.87% 562,850 40.13% 629,681
1988 53.06% 728,177 45.28% 621,453
1984 63.44% 821,818 35.12% 454,974
1980 55.07% 652,264 31.07% 367,973
1976 54.05% 584,367 42.58% 460,353
1972 62.61% 597,198 34.59% 329,980
1968 50.46% 409,345 41.32% 335,174
1964 38.19% 296,767 61.27% 476,024
1960 54.63% 402,242 44.91% 330,629

Like the majority of the states, Colorado's current constitution provides for three branches of government: the legislative, executive and judicial branches.

Colorado is considered a very independent state politically, having elected 17 Democrats and 12 Republicans to the governorship in the last 100 years. See: List of Colorado Governors

Colorado is made up primarily of transplanted citizens, and this is illustrated by the fact that the state has not had a native-born governor since 1975 (when John David Vanderhoof left office) and -- until Bill Ritter's election in November 2006 -- had not elected one since 1958, in the person of Stephen L.R.


See also : United States presidential election, 2004, in Colorado

Cities and towns

Each grouping represents a U.S. Census metropolitan or micropolitan area, headed by its principal city (or cities).

Denver-Aurora Arvada Brighton Broomfield Castle Rock Centennial Commerce City Englewood Federal Heights Golden Greenwood Village Lakewood Littleton Northglenn Parker Thornton Westminster Wheat Ridge Colorado Springs Fountain Fort Collins -Loveland Pueblo Boulder Lafayette Longmont Louisville Nederland Superior Greeley Windsor Grand Junction Canon City Montrose Durango Fort Morgan Silverthorne Sterling

Other notable cities (population under 10,000)

Alamosa Aspen Glenwood Springs Leadville Trinidad Vail

Education

Colleges and universities in Colorado:

Adams State College Colorado Christian University Colorado College Colorado School of Mines Colorado State University System Colorado State University Colorado State University - Pueblo Colorado Technical University Denver Seminary Fort Lewis College Heritage College & Wales University Jones International University Mesa State College Metropolitan State College of Denver Naropa University National Technological University Nazarene Bible College Regis University Rocky Mountain College of Art and Design The Art Institute of Colorado United States Air Force Academy University of Colorado System University of Colorado at Boulder University of Colorado at Colorado Springs University of Colorado at Denver University of Colorado Health Sciences Center University of Denver University of Northern Colorado Western State College

Professional sports teams

As of 2005, Colorado was the least populous state with a franchise in each of the major professional sports leagues.

Major league teams

Colorado Avalanche, National Hockey League Colorado Mammoth, National Lacrosse League Colorado Rapids, Major League Soccer Colorado Rockies, Major League Baseball Colorado Chill, National Women's Basketball League Colorado Crush, Arena Football League Denver Broncos, National Football League Denver Nuggets, National Basketball Association Denver Outlaws, Major League Lacrosse

Other teams

Aurora Cavalry, International Basketball League Colorado Crossover, International Basketball League Colorado Eagles, Central Hockey League Colorado 14ers, NBA D-League Colorado Springs Sky Sox, Minor League Baseball (AAA) Rocky Mountain Rage, Central Hockey League

Further reading

Explore Colorado, A Naturalist's Handbook, The Denver Museum of Natural History and Westcliff Publishers, 1995, ISBN 1-56579-124-X for an excellent guide to the ecological regions of Colorado. Railroads of Colorado: Your Guide to Colorado's Historic Trains and Railway Sites, Claude Wiatrowski, Voyageur Press, 2002, hardcover, 160 pages, ISBN 0-89658-591-3

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