The mass of a substance divided by its volume; symbol ?, units kg/m3. The density of water is 1000 kg/m3. An object placed in a liquid more dense than itself will float, whereas an object more dense than the liquid will sink. Density is measured using a hydrometer.
A table of masses of various substances:
| Substance | Density in kg/m3 | Particles per cubic metre |
| Iridium | 22650 | 1.06 ×10 |
| Osmium | 22610 | 7.16 ×10 |
| Platinum | 21450 | 6.62 ×10 |
| Gold (0°C) | 19300 | 5.90 ×10 |
| Tungsten | 19250 | 6.31 ×10 |
| Uranium | 19050 | 4.82 ×10 |
| Mercury | 13580 | 4.08 ×10 |
| Palladium | 12023 | 6.8 ×10 |
| Lead | 11340 | 3.3 ×10 |
| Silver | 10490 | 5.86 ×10 |
| Copper | 8960 | 8.49 ×10 |
| Iron | 7870 | 8.49 ×10 |
| Steel | 7850 | |
| Tin | 7310 | 3.71 ×10 |
| Titanium | 4507 | 5.67 ×10 |
| Diamond | 3500 | 1.75 ×10 |
| Basalt | 3000 | |
| Granite | 2700 | |
| Aluminium | 2700 | 6.03 ×10 |
| Graphite | 2200 | 1.10 ×10 |
| Magnesium | 1740 | 4.31 ×10 |
| PVC | 1300 | |
| Seawater (15°C) | 1025 | |
| Water (25 °C) | 998 | 3.34 ×10 |
| Ice (0°C) | 917 | 3.07 ×10 |
| Polyethylene | 910 | |
| Ethyl alcohol | 790 | 1.03 ×10 |
| Gasoline | 730 | |
| Liquid Hydrogen | 68 | 4.06 ×10 |
| Aerogel | 3 | |
| any gas | 0.0446 times the average molecular mass (in g/mol), hence between 0.09 and ca. temperature °C | |
| T in °C | ρ in kg/m3 | |
| - 10 | 1.341 | |
| - 5 | 1.316 | |
| 0 | 1.293 | |
| + 5 | 1.269 | |
| + 10 | 1.247 | |
| + 15 | 1.225 | |
| + 20 | 1.204 | |
| + 25 | 1.184 | |
| + 30 | 1.164 |
Note the low density of aluminium compared to most other metals.
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