Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 22

ectoplasm

A viscous substance said to exude from the body of a medium during a seance, and from which materializations sometimes supposedly form. This alleged phenomenon was primarily produced by mediums in the late Victorian era. It is the subject of much controversy, as some mediums were discovered to simulate such effects fraudulently, by such means as regurgitation of a previously swallowed substance (such as a piece of cloth).

In cell biology, ectoplasm ("outer plasma") refers to the outer regions of the cytoplasm of a cell. Ectoplasm typically contains a smaller amount of protein granules and other organic compounds than inner cytoplasm, also referred to as endoplasm. Ectoplasm is also a term used to describe the vapour appearing on the wings of an aircraft when it is performing high-energy manoeuvres. Typically this effect is seen by most people at airshows during modern jet fighter aerobatic displays. The study of this effect was the focus of the famous Philadelphia experiment. It is an exotic cocktail made by adding vodka to crushed nutmeg, heavy cream, and lemon juice. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article.

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