A qualitative measure of the tendency to hold electrons, or to form the negative end of a dipole in a bond to other atoms. It is roughly proportional to the sum of the ionization energy and the electron affinity for an atom. A rough scale of values (suggested by Linus Pauling) is: F, 4; O, 3·5; Cl, 3·2; N,Br, 3; S,I, 2·7; C, 2·5; other non-metals 22·2; metals 1·01·8.
| → Atomic radius decreases → Ionization energy increases → Electronegativity increases → | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |||||||||||||||
| Period | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 |
H 2.20 |
He |
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| 4 |
K 0.82 |
Ca 1.00 |
Sc 1.36 |
Ti 1.54 |
V 1.63 |
Cr 1.66 |
Mn 1.55 |
Fe 1.83 |
Co 1.88 |
Ni 1.91 |
Cu 1.90 |
Zn 1.65 |
Ga 1.81 |
Ge 2.01 |
As 2.18 |
Se 2.55 |
Br 2.96 |
Kr 3.00 |
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| 5 |
Rb 0.82 |
Sr 0.95 |
Y 1.22 |
Zr 1.33 |
Nb 1.6 |
Mo 2.16 |
Tc 1.9 |
Ru 2.2 |
Rh 2.28 |
Pd 2.20 |
Ag 1.93 |
Cd 1.69 |
In 1.78 |
Sn 1.96 |
Sb 2.05 |
Te 2.1 |
I 2.66 |
Xe 2.6 |
|||||||||||||||
| 6 |
Cs 0.79 |
Ba 0.89 |
* |
Hf 1.3 |
Ta 1.5 |
W 2.36 |
Re 1.9 |
Os 2.2 |
Ir 2.20 |
Pt 2.28 |
Au 2.54 |
Hg 2.00 |
Tl 1.62 |
Pb 2.33 |
Bi 2.02 |
Po 2.0 |
At 2.2 |
Rn |
La 1.1 |
Ce 1.12 |
Pr 1.13 |
Nd 1.14 |
Pm 1.13 |
Sm 1.17 |
Eu 1.2 |
Gd 1.2 |
Tb 1.1 |
Dy 1.22 |
Ho 1.23 |
Er 1.24 |
Tm 1.25 |
Yb 1.1 |
Lu 1.27 |
| Actinides |
** |
Ac 1.1 |
Th 1.3 |
Pa 1.5 |
U 1.38 |
Np 1.36 |
Pu 1.28 |
Am 1.13 |
Cm 1.28 |
Bk 1.3 |
Cf 1.3 |
Es 1.3 |
Fm 1.3 |
Md 1.3 |
No 1.3 |
Lr |
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List of elemental electronegativity
Francium - 0.70 Caesium - 0.79 Potassium, Rubidium – 0.82 Barium – 0.89 Radium – 0.90 Sodium – 0.93 Strontium – 0.95 Lithium – 0.98 Calcium – 1.00 Actinium, Lanthanum, Terbium, Ytterbium – 1.10 Cerium – 1.12 Americium, Praseodymium, Promethium – 1.13 Neodymium – 1.14 Samarium – 1.17 Europium, Gadolinium – 1.20 Dysprosium, Yttrium – 1.22 Holmium – 1.23 Erbium – 1.24 Thulium – 1.25 Lutetium – 1.27 Plutonium, Curium – 1.28 Berkelium, Californium, Einsteinium, Fermium, Hafnium, Mendelevium, Nobelium, Thorium – 1.30 Magnesium – 1.31 Zirconium – 1.33 Scandium, Neptunium – 1.36 Uranium – 1.38 Tantalum, Protactinium – 1.50 Titanium – 1.54 Manganese – 1.55 Beryllium – 1.57 Niobium – 1.60 Aluminum – 1.61 Thallium – 1.62 Vanadium – 1.63 Zinc – 1.65 Chromium – 1.66 Cadmium – 1.69 Indium – 1.78 Gallium – 1.81 Iron – 1.83 Cobalt – 1.88 Copper, Technetium, Rhenium, Silicon – 1.90 Nickel – 1.91 Silver – 1.93 Tin – 1.96 Mercury, Polonium – 2.00 Germanium – 2.01 Bismuth – 2.02 Boron – 2.04 Antimony – 2.05 Tellurium – 2.10 Molybdenum – 2.16 Arsenic – 2.18 Phosphorus – 2.19 Astatine, Hydrogen, Iridium, Osmium, Palladium, Ruthenium – 2.20 Rhenium, Platinum – 2.28 Lead – 2.33 Tungsten – 2.36 Gold – 2.54 Carbon, Selenium – 2.55 Sulfur – 2.58 Xenon – 2.60 Iodine – 2.66 Bromine – 2.96 Krypton – 3.00 Nitrogen – 3.04 Chlorine – 3.16 Oxygen – 3.44 Fluorine – 3.98These are only the elements that are colored in the table above.
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