Cambridge Encyclopedia :: Cambridge Encyclopedia Vol. 30

Gloria Swanson - Silent films, Comeback in Sunset Boulevard, Television, Academy Award nominations, Trivia, Filmography, Further reading

Film actress, born in Chicago, Illinois, USA. Of Swedish-Italian descent, she was hired as an extra in a Chicago film studio (1915), and there she met film actor Wallace Beery, whom she married (1916) and accompanied to Hollywood. She made many short romantic films for Mack Sennett, and then a series of sentimental dramas for Triangle Productions, before being hired by Cecil B De Mille. By the mid-1920s she had become the most popular and glamorous of Hollywood actresses (and was on her third husband). Backed by Joseph Kennedy, father of the later president, she began producing her own films, but lost heavily on von Stroheim's Queen Kelly (1938). She made a few sound films, then retired (1934), made a single film in 1941, Father Takes a Wife, and then made a sensational comeback in Sunset Boulevard (1950), where she played an evocation of her actual self. She made a few more films, promoted cosmetics, fashions, and health foods, starred on Broadway in Butterflies are Free (1971), and took a sixth husband (1976), but was never able to recapture what Sunset Boulevard had so vividly portrayed.

Portions of the summary below have been contributed by Wikipedia.

Gloria Swanson (March 27, 1897 - April 4, 1983), an American Hollywood actress, was prolific during the silent film era, but saw her career go into decline with the advent of "talkies".

Silent films

Her film debut was in 1914 as an extra in The Song of Soul for Uptown Chicago's Essanay Studios. DeMille, who turned her into a romantic lead in such films as Don't Change Your Husband, Male and Female, The Affairs of Anatol, and Why Change Your Wife?. Swanson later appeared in a series of films directed by Sam Wood. In 1922 she starred in the silent film Beyond the Rocks with Rudolph Valentino (this film had been believed lost but was rediscovered in 2004 in a private collection in The Netherlands.)

In her heyday, audiences flocked to her films not only for her emotional portrayals in lurid romances, but to see her wardrobe. (Swanson was pictured in the ruins of the Roxy on October 14, 1960 in a famous photo taken by Time-Life photographer Eliot Elisofon.)

University of Phoenix

Swanson's unfinished 1928 film Queen Kelly was directed by Erich von Stroheim and produced by Joseph P.

Swanson ultimately made "talkies" even singing in The Trespasser (1929), Indiscreet (1931), and Music in the Air (1934).

Comeback in Sunset Boulevard

After several other former silent screen actresses (including Mary Pickford, Pola Negri and Mae West) were rejected or turned down the role, Swanson, gamely acknowledging reality, starred in 1950's Sunset Boulevard, and made celluloid history with her still remarkable, if short-lived, comeback.

It is scenes from Swanson's silent film Queen Kelly that her character Norma Desmond watches with her co-stars, William Holden and Erich von Stroheim.

Swanson was nominated for her 3rd Best Actress Oscar but lost to Judy Holliday (who was photographed sitting next to Swanson and Jose Ferrer in New York during the telecast), but Swanson was gracious in defeat. Swanson played an aging movie star who, along with her precocious daughter, hides out in the compartment of a scientist (Warren) during a cross-country rail journey from New York to Los Angeles. Shot exclusively aboard Super Chief passenger cars loaned to the production company by the Santa Fe Railway, the film met with lukewarm reviews and did not, as had been hoped, revitalize Swanson's career.

Television

Swanson hosted a television anthology series, Crown Theatre with Gloria Swanson, in which she occasionally acted. Through the 1970s and early 1980s, Swanson appeared on various talk and variety shows such as The Carol Burnett Show and The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson to recollect on her films and to lampoon them as well. Her most famous television appearance is a 1966 episode of The Beverly Hillbillies titled "The Gloria Swanson Story" in which she plays herself. In the episode, the Clampetts mistakenly believe Swanson is destitute so they finance a comeback movie for her - in a silent film. They divorced in 1919 with no children but according to Swanson she miscarried after Beery, encouraged by his mother, secretly gave her a poison intended to induce an abortion. Their daughter, Gloria Swanson Somborn, was born in 1920. During this divorce in 1923 Swanson adopted a baby boy named Sonny Smith (1922-1975). In August 1931, Swanson married Michael Farmer (1902-1975). Unfortunately Swanson's divorce from La Falaise had not been finalized at the time, making the actress technically a bigamist. In 1945 Swanson married William N. According to Swanson, she and Davey actually cohabited forty-five days. Swanson's final marriage was in 1976 and lasted until her death. Swanson shared her husband's enthusiasm for macrobiotic diets.

To understand the Swanson at the height of her fame and popularity, one only needs to read this oft-repeated telegram she sent to her studio from Paris: "Arriving in New York Tuesday.

Gloria Swanson died in New York City of a heart ailment (she was believed to be 84);

Academy Award nominations

1951 - Best Actress in a Leading Role — Sunset Boulevard 1930 - Best Actress in a Leading Role — The Trespasser 1929 - Best Actress in a Leading Role — Sadie Thompson

Trivia

Gloria Swanson was the favorite actor of the character Granny in The Beverly Hillbillies and appeared in one episode as herself. In this episode, all the members of the Clampett family get parts in Gloria's new silent movie, "Passion's Plaything," which gently pokes fun at the Swanson legend. Swanson told actor Dirk Benedict about macrobiotic diets when he was battling prostate cancer at a very young age. This is referenced in the TV movie, White Hot: The Mysterious Murder of Thelma Todd (1991), where Swanson is portrayed in that light and is rebuked by the actress playing Patsy Kelly, Todd's comedy partner. Swanson auditioned for the leading female role in His New Job, a Charlie Chaplin short, but Chaplin did not see her as leading lady material and cast her in the brief role of a stenographer.

Filmography

The Song of Soul (1914) (short subject) Sweedie Goes to College (1915) (short subject) The Romance of an American Duchess (1915) (short subject) At the End of a Perfect Day (1915) (short subject) The Ambition of the Baron (1915) The Fable of Elvira and Farina and the Meal Ticket (1915) (short subject) His New Job (1915) (short subject) The Broken Pledge (1915) (short subject) A Social Club (1916) (short subject) The Nick of Time Baby (1916) (short subject) A Dash of Courage (1916) (short subject) Hearts and Sparks (1916) (short subject) The Danger Girl (1916) (short subject) Haystacks and Steeples (1916) (short subject) The Pullman Bride (1917) (short subject) Teddy at the Throttle (1917) (short subject) Baseball Madness (1917) (short subject) Dangers of a Bride (1917) (short subject) Whose Baby? (1917) (short subject) The Sultan's Wife (1917) (short subject) You Can't Believe Everything (1918) Station Content (1918) Shifting Sands (1918) Her Decision (1918) Society for Sale (1918) Everywoman's Husband (1918) Till I Come Back to You (1918) The Secret Code (1918) Wife or Country (1918) (short subject) Don't Change Your Husband (1919) For Better, for Worse (1919) Male and Female (1919) Why Change Your Wife? (1920) Something to Think About (1920) The Great Moment (1921) The Affairs of Anatol (1921) Under the Lash (1921) Don't Tell Everything (1921) Her Husband's Trademark (1922) Her Gilded Cage (1922) Beyond the Rocks (1922) The Impossible Mrs. Bellew (1922) My American Wife (1922) Prodigal Daughters (1923) Bluebeard's Eighth Wife (1923) Hollywood (1923) (Cameo) Zaza (1923) The Humming Bird (1924) A Society Scandal (1924) Manhandled (1924) Her Love Story (1924) Wages of Virtue (1924) Madame Sans-Gêne (1925) The Coast of Folly (1925) Stage Struck (1925) The Untamed Lady (1926) Fine Manners (1926) The Love of Sunya (1927) (also producer) Sadie Thompson (1928) (also producer) Queen Kelly (1929) (also producer) (unfinished) The Trespasser (1929) What a Widow! (1930) (also producer) Indiscreet (1931) Tonight or Never (1931) Perfect Understanding (1933) (also producer) Music in the Air (1934) Father Takes a Wife (1941) Sunset Boulevard (1950) Three for Bedroom C (1952) Nero's Mistress (1956) Killer Bees (1974) Airport 1975 (1974)

Further reading

Swanson, Gloria, Swanson on Swanson, 1980.
Gloria Vanderbilt - Early life and heiress status, Marriages, relationships and children, Professional career and later life [next] [back] Gloria Steinem - Early life, Education and early career, Political awakening and activism, Later life, List of works

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