Alexander of Hales

English theologian and philosopher, born in Hales, Gloucestershire, SWC England, UK. He became a professor of philosophy and theology in Paris, and later entered the Franciscan order. He is known chiefly from the major work ascribed to him, the Summa theologica.

Alexander Hales (also Halensis, Alensis, Halesius, Alesius; He was born at Hales, Gloucestershire, England, and died in Paris on August 21, 1245.

Alexander was the first to write a commentary on the Sentences of Peter Lombard, before him theologians had always commented upon the scriptures. It was finished by Alexander's scholars after his death. The authorities are chosen not only from the Bible and the Fathers, but also among Greek, Latin, and Arabic poets and philosophers, and later theologians. It treats in its first part the doctrines of God and his attributes; In recognition of his efforts, Alexander was given the title of "Doctor Irrefragabilis".

Among the doctrines which were specially developed and, so to speak, fixed by Alexander of Hales, are those of the thesaurus supererogationis perfectorum, and of the character indelibilis of baptism, confirmation, and ordination. That doctrine had been written about much earlier by Augustine of Hippo and was eventually defined a dogma by the Council of Trent.

John Gerson tells us “The doctrine of Alexander is of a wealth surpassing all expression. It is said that someone asked St. Thomas what was the best manner of studying theology; To Alexander of Hales, the Angelic Doctor replied." 554.)

Compare Hailes Abbey, Gloucestershire, founded in 1245/6.